Figure 5.

Cytokine production in the obesity mouse model. The levels of different cytokines: (A) IFN-γ, (B) IL-6, (C) TNF-α, (D) IL-12 and (E) € IL-10 were determined in the thymus, serum, and small intestinal fluid from the animals: NC (normal control); (NC+P) receiving a balanced diet and probiotic bacterium in the drinking water; (OC) fed water and a high-fat diet; (OC+P) fed a high-fat diet and a probiotic suspension with Lc431. In vitro cultures of thymocytes were stimulated with the probiotic bacterium (B) or its probiotic cell wall (W). Data were shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments with 3 mice per group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.