Table 4.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for ischemic stroke by diet quality indicators and DBI-16 components according to Cox regression models.
| Indicators | No (n) |
Cases (n) |
Incident Density (Cases per 1000 PYs) | HR (95%CI) a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2 | ||||
| LBS b | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (Q1) | 1761 | 34 | 2.78 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (Q2) | 1907 | 41 | 3.06 | 1.04 (0.66–1.64) | 1.13 (0.68–1.89) | 1.13 (0.68–1.89) |
| Quartile 3 (Q3) | 2008 | 29 | 2.07 | 0.78 (0.48–1.29) | 0.79 (0.44–1.41) | 0.76 (0.43–1.36) |
| Quartile 4 (Q4) | 2165 | 38 | 2.46 | 0.92 (0.57–1.46) | 0.86 (0.46–1.59) | 0.84 (0.45–1.56) |
| HBS c | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (Q1) | 1619 | 14 | 1.19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (Q2) | 2042 | 37 | 2.57 | 2.24 (1.21–4.15) * | 2.38 (1.12–5.05)* | 2.38 (1.12–5.06) * |
| Quartile 3 (Q3) | 2168 | 44 | 2.89 | 2.48 (1.36–4.53) ** | 2.38 (1.14–5.00)* | 2.39 (1.14–5.01) * |
| Quartile 4 (Q4) | 2012 | 47 | 3.43 | 3.12 (1.72–5.68) *** | 3.15 (1.50–6.63)** | 3.31 (1.57–6.97) ** |
| DQD d | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (Q1) | 1853 | 26 | 1.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (Q2) | 1797 | 32 | 2.50 | 1.28 (0.76–2.15) | 1.34 (0.75–2.37) | 1.33 (0.75–2.36) |
| Quartile 3 (Q3) | 2166 | 36 | 2.36 | 1.29 (0.78–2.13) | 1.11 (0.62–2.01) | 1.13 (0.63–2.04) |
| Quartile 4 (Q4) | 2025 | 48 | 3.44 | 1.99 (1.23–3.23) ** | 2.19 (1.24–3.86) ** | 2.26 (1.28–4.00) ** |
| Cereals | ||||||
| Score 0 | 1252 | 23 | 2.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−12)–(−7) | 220 | 3 | 1.90 | 0.76 (0.23–2.51) | 1.06 (0.31–3.62) | 1.03 (0.30–3.53) |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 680 | 11 | 2.26 | 0.85 (0.41–1.74) | 0.69 (0.29–1.65) | 0.65 (0.27–1.55) |
| Score (1)–(6) | 2192 | 31 | 2.01 | 0.74 (0.43–1.26) | 0.55 (0.29–1.04) | 0.54 (0.28–1.02) |
| Score (7)–(12) | 3497 | 74 | 3.02 | 1.08 (0.67–1.72) | 0.95 (0.56–1.61) | 0.94 (0.55–1.59) |
| Vegetables | ||||||
| Score 0 | 2982 | 56 | 2.67 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 4859 | 86 | 2.52 | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 1.02 (0.68–1.53) | 1.05 (0.70–1.57) |
| Fruits | ||||||
| Score 0 | 354 | 4 | 1.62 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 7487 | 138 | 2.62 | 1.75 (0.65–4.73) | 1.88 (0.59–6.04) | 1.95 (0.61–6.28) |
| Dairy | ||||||
| Score 0 | 25 | 1 | 5.84 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 7816 | 141 | 2.57 | 0.54 (0.07–3.82) | 0.31 (0.04–2.30) | 0.31 (0.04–2.26) |
| Soybeans | ||||||
| Score 0 | 3575 | 63 | 2.52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 4266 | 79 | 2.62 | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | 1.04 (0.69–1.57) | 1.03 (0.68–1.54) |
| Meats | ||||||
| Score 0 | 1544 | 23 | 2.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−4)–(−1) | 2645 | 63 | 3.4 | 1.66 (1.03–2.68) * | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) |
| Score (1)–(4) | 3652 | 56 | 2.17 | 0.95 (0.59–1.55) | 0.64 (0.37–1.12) | 0.63 (0.36–1.09) |
| Fish/shrimps | ||||||
| Score 0 | 194 | 2 | 1.47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−4)–(−1) | 7647 | 140 | 2.60 | 1.76 (0.44–7.10) | 2.02 (0.28–14.50) | 1.98 (0.28–14.20) |
| Eggs | ||||||
| Score 0 | 1042 | 17 | 2.37 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−4)–(−1) | 6547 | 122 | 2.64 | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) | 0.78 (0.45–1.35) | 0.79 (0.46–1.37) |
| Score (1)–(4) | 252 | 3 | 1.69 | 0.65 (0.19–2.21) | 0.52 (0.12–2.25) | 0.50 (0.12–2.20) |
| Cooking oils | ||||||
| Score 0 | 2814 | 28 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (1)–(6) | 5027 | 114 | 3.26 | 2.60 (1.72–3.94) *** | 2.96 (1.75–5) *** | 3.00 (1.77–5.07) *** |
| Alcoholic beverages | ||||||
| Score 0 | 7353 | 130 | 2.51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (1)–(6) | 488 | 12 | 3.64 | 1.62 (0.90–2.93) | 1.30 (0.60–2.80) | 1.35 (0.62–2.93) |
| Addible sugar | ||||||
| Score 0 | 7757 | 141 | 2.59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (1)–(6) | 84 | 1 | 1.74 | 0.81 (0.11–5.80) | 0.84 (0.12–6.00) | 0.81 (0.11–5.81) |
| Salt | ||||||
| Score 0 | 3079 | 39 | 1.76 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (1)–(6) | 4762 | 103 | 3.13 | 2.04 (1.41–2.96) *** | 1.98 (1.29–3.02) ** | 2.03 (1.33–3.10) ** |
| Dietary variety | ||||||
| Score 0 | 1195 | 17 | 1.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Score (−12)–(−7) | 337 | 7 | 2.85 | 1.58 (0.65–3.85) | 5.24 (1.66–16.50) ** | 5.40 (1.70–17.20) ** |
| Score (−6)–(−1) | 6309 | 118 | 2.68 | 1.65 (0.99–2.76) | 1.66 (0.94–2.95) | 1.69 (0.95–3.01) |
a Model 1: Adjusted for age only; Model 2: Model 1 + additionally adjusted for sex, area, ethnic group, education level, marriage status, economic level, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity status; Model 3: Model 2 + additionally adjusted for medication use and nutraceutical intake. b Quartile levels for the lower bound score (LBS): Q1, score 0–18; Q2, score 19–22; Q3, score 23–27; Q4, score 28–52. c Quartile levels for the higher bound score (HBS): Q1, score 0–6; Q2, score 7–12; Q3, score 13–17; Q4, score 18–33. d Quartile levels for the diet quality distance (DQD): Q1, score 9–29; Q2, score 30–34; Q3, score 35–40; Q4, score 41–68. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.