Table 3.
Longitudinal associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic biomarkers using multi-level mixed effects models 1.
| Snack-Fruit Pattern | Rice-Meat-Refined Wheat Pattern | |
|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||
| Model 1 | 7.44 (3.30, 11.58) | 1.23 (−3.11, 5.58) |
| Model 2 | 7.59 (3.41, 11.78) | 1.84 (−2.57, 6.25) |
| Model 3 | 6.76 (2.63, 10.89) | −1.34 (−5.75, 3.06) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||
| Model 1 | −0.41 (−1.18, 0.36) | −0.09 (−0.90, 0.72) |
| Model 2 | −0.59 (−1.37, 0.18) | 0.08 (−0.74, 0.89) |
| Model 3 | −0.55 (−1.32, 0.22) | −0.37 (−1.19, 0.45) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||
| Model 1 | −0.80 (−1.75, 0.14) | 0.08 (−0.92, 1.08) |
| Model 2 | −0.90 (−1.85, 0.05) | 0.34 (−0.67, 1.35) |
| Model 3 | −0.87 (−1.82, 0.07) | −0.05 (−1.07, 0.97) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||
| Model 1 | −0.45 (−1.10, 0.19) | −0.54 (−1.19, 0.11) |
| Model 2 | −0.33 (−1.02, 0.35) | −0.18 (−0.88, 0.51) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | ||
| Model 1 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.07) |
| Model 2 | −0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.08) |
| Model 3 | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.08) |
| Two-hour glucose (mmol/L) | ||
| Model 1 | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.06) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.14) |
| Model 2 | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.06) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) |
| Model 3 | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.07) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) |
| Hb1Ac (%) | ||
| Model 1 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) |
| Model 2 | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) |
| Model 3 | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) |
1 Results are presented as beta coefficients with 95% CI. Model 1: age, sex. Model 2: Model 1 + marriage status, education, occupation. Model 3: Model 2 + leisure PA, alcohol consumption and smoking. In addition, the model was adjusted for wave, study group, and the interaction between timepoint and study group.