Table 4.
Longitudinal associations between dietary patterns and binary cardiometabolic risk factors using multi-level mixed-effects models *.
| Snack-Fruit Pattern | Rice-Meat-Refined Wheat Pattern | |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | ||
| Model 1 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) |
| Model 2 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) |
| Model 3 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| Central obesity | ||
| Model 1 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.35) |
| Model 2 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.19 (1.03, 1.36) |
| Model 3 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.34) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||
| Model 1 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.16) |
| Model 2 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.18) |
| Model 3 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) |
| Low HDL | ||
| Model 1 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) |
| Model 2 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) |
| Model 3 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) |
| Raised blood pressure | ||
| Model 1 | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |
| Model 2 | 0.90 (0.79, 1.02) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) |
| Model 3 | 0.90 (0.79, 1.03) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.18) |
| Diabetes | ||
| Model 1 | 1.04 (0.80, 1.35) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.56) |
| Model 2 | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.66) |
| Model 3 | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||
| Model 1 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.30) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.14 (1.00, 1.31) |
| Model 3 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.28) |
* Results are presented as odds ratio and 95% CI. Instead of reporting prediabetes, which takes 72% of the study population at baseline, and didn’t change too much along the waves, diabetes (about 15% developed diabetes at year 2) is reported here, using the dietary cumulative mean score to predict diabetes at year 2. Model 1: age, sex. Model 2: Model 1 + marriage status, education, occupation. Model 3: Model 2 + leisure PA, alcohol consumption, and smoking. In addition, the model was adjusted for wave, study arm, and the interaction between wave and study arm for all the other outcomes in the table, but not for diabetes. For diabetes (developed at year 2), only study arm was adjusted.