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Effect of probiotic compounds on gastrointestinal peptides in intestinal tissues of constipated mice. (A) Substance P (SP). (B) Motilin (MTL). (C) Gastrin (GAS). (D) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). (E) Somatostatin (SS). (F) Endothelin (ET–1). Data are means with SEM. a–d: Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), and the same letters or no letters indicate no significant difference.
