Figure 9.

Possible drug delivery methods of tilianin enclosed within nanocarriers, i.e., micelles, to increase its anti-apoptotic effect. Abbreviations: TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNFR, Tumor necrosis factor receptor; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; P13K, Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase; ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; IκBα, Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha; Akt, Ak strain transforming; NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, Bcl-2 Associated X-protein; Bid, BH3 interacting-domain death agonist; IL-1, Interleukin-1; TNF-α, Tumour necrosis factor alpha; MDA, Melanoma differentiation associated.