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. 2022 Feb 2;14(3):640. doi: 10.3390/nu14030640

Table 3.

Perceived association between excessive sugar intake and health conditions, according to individual characteristics.

Gender Children in the Household Expertise in Health or Nutrition 1
Men
(n = 231)		 Women
(n = 775)		 p No
(n = 672)		 Yes
(n = 338)		 p Non-Experts
(n = 690)		 Experts
(n = 105)		 p
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
Diabetes 6.70
(0.66)		 6.71
(0.78)		 0.876 6.70
(0.75)		 6.71
(0.76)		 0.810 6.69
(0.75)		 6.81
(0.46)		 0.024
Overweight/Obesity 6.57
(0.75)		 6.72
(0.68)		 0.007 6.68
(0.71)		 6.70
(0.67)		 0.719 6.68
(0.66)		 6.81
(0.46)		 0.015
Oral Health 6.57
(0.78)		 6.71
(0.72)		 0.016 6.66
(0.73)		 6.71
(0.73)		 0.270 6.70
(0.65)		 6.70
(0.77)		 0.896
Hyperactivity 4.72
(1.94)		 5.16
(1.82)		 0.001 4.93
(1.90)		 5.31
(1.74)		 0.002 5.10
(1.82)		 5.10
(1.76)		 0.962
Hypertension 4.85
(1.77)		 4.89
(1.81)		 0.774 4.91
(1.82)		 4.84
(1.76)		 0.541 4.92
(1.75)		 4.90
(1.74)		 0.873
Cholesterol 4.72
(1.84)		 4.87
(1.76)		 0.284 4.83
(1.80)		 4.83
(1.73)		 0.993 4.84
(1.74)		 4.89
(1.70)		 0.798
Cancer 4.02
(1.84)		 4.87
(1.91)		 <0.001 4.54
(1.95)		 4.94
(1.90)		 0.002 4.59
(1.91)		 5.61
(1.42)		 <0.001
Kidney Disease 4.35
(1.72)		 4.44
(1.68)		 0.465 4.38
(1.67)		 4.51
(1.73)		 0.244 4.41
(1.62)		 4.96
(1.71)		 0.001

Note. 1 Based on the description of their occupation and study area, we categorized participants according to their expertise in the health and nutrition domains. Experts include doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacists (n = 105; 13.2% of the total sample). The remaining participants with a higher education degree (n = 690) were from diverse study areas (e.g., psychology, marketing, and journalism). The p refers to the significance level of the difference test according to each individual characteristic (i.e., independent samples t-tests for gender, presence of children in the household, and expertise in health and nutrition).