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. 2022 Feb 7;27(3):1114. doi: 10.3390/molecules27031114

Figure 2.

Figure 2

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Cas9 induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the target DNA loci. The two major DNA repair mechanisms are divided into two pathways in mammalian cells: (1) non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and (2) homology-directed repair (HDR). The NHEJ pathway induces precise insertions or deletions (indels). The HDR mechanism uses donor DNA templates often from sister chromatids or an exogenous DNA template to generate knock-ins and base substitutions between DSB sites. The figure was created with BioRender.com.