. 2022 Jan 27;27(3):856. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030856

Table 5.

Thermal properties of the investigated starches.

Object	Year	Gelatinization				Retrogradation					Glass Transition					Melting Peak
		ΔH_g (J/g)	T_Pg	T_Og	T_Eg	ΔH_r (J/g)	T_Pr	T_Or	T_Er	R (%)	T_Ogt	T_MIDgt	T_INVgt	T_Egt	ΔC_p (J/g°C)	T_Om	T_Pm	T_Em	ΔH_m (J)
		ΔH_g (J/g)	(°C)			ΔH_r (J/g)	(°C)			R (%)	(°C)				ΔC_p (J/g°C)	(°C)			ΔH_m (J)
GH	I	16.79 ^a	74.00 ^b	69.30 ^b	79.97 ^a	8.74 ^a	62.87 ^a	44.60 ^a	80.83 ^a	52.18 ^a	81.33 ^a	93.30 ^a	91.40^a	106.10 ^a	0.08 ^a	179.30 ^a	183.30 ^a	194.07 ^a	182.97 ^c
GH	II	15.59 ^a	74.20 ^b	68.20a ^b	81.30 ^bc	8.15 ^a	64.50 ^a	47.53^bcd	81.53 ^a	52.45 ^a	107.60 ^c	122.20 ^d	126.70^d	143.17 ^d	0.07 ^a	190.77 ^a	194.27 ^a	203.20 ^b	131.30 ^a
FT	I	17.33 ^a	74.07 ^b	68.37a ^b	80.83 ^b	11.91 ^b	63.93 ^a	45.87 ^abc	76.83 ^a	68.74 ^bc	88.77 ^ab	102.20 ^b	100.60^ab	115.63^ab	0.08 ^a	186.83 ^a	190.57 ^a	199.73^ab	158.17^abc
FT	II	17.04 ^a	73.50 ^a	67.93 ^a	79.83 ^a	13.92 ^b	62.73 ^a	45.40 ^ab	80.57 ^a	81.74 ^c	100.03^bc	111.30 ^c	111.90^bc	122.80^bc	0.11 ^bc	180.23 ^a	184.37 ^a	194.33 ^a	159.17^abc
SO	I	16.98 ^a	74.90 ^c	68.87 ^ab	81.67 ^c	8.56 ^a	64.17 ^a	50.13 ^d	77.57 ^a	50.49 ^a	80.73 ^a	95.67 ^ab	95.87^a	110.30 ^a	0.12 ^c	184.67 ^a	188.30 ^a	197.20^ab	139.47 ^ab
SO	II	17.20 ^a	73.53 ^a	67.87 ^a	80.03 ^a	9.30 ^a	61.83 ^a	48.53 ^cd	73.27 ^a	54.12 ^ab	100.90^bc	115.00 ^c	118.83^cd	128.90 ^c	0.10 ^b	186.70 ^a	190.70 ^a	200.50^ab	132.90 ^ab
GH		16.19 ^a	74.1 ^b	68.75 ^a	80.63 ^ab	8.44 ^a	63.68 ^a	46.07 ^a	81.18 ^b	52.32 ^a	94.47 ^a	107.75 ^a	109.05 ^a	124.63 ^a	0.08 ^a	185.03 ^a	188.78 ^a	198.63 ^a	157.13 ^b
FT		17.19 ^a	73.78 ^a	68.15 ^a	80.33 ^a	12.92 ^b	63.33 ^a	45.63 ^a	78.7 ^ab	75.24 ^b	94.40 ^a	106.75 ^a	106.25 ^a	119.22 ^a	0.10 ^b	183.53 ^a	187.47 ^a	197.03 ^a	158.67 ^b
SO		17.09 ^a	74.22 ^b	68.37 ^a	80.85 ^b	8.93 ^a	63 ^a	49.33 ^b	75.42 ^a	52.28 ^a	90.82 ^a	105.33 ^a	107.35 ^a	119.60 ^a	0.11 ^c	185.68 ^a	189.5 ^a	198.85 ^a	136.18 ^a
	I	17.03 ^a	74.32 ^b	68.84 ^b	80.82 ^b	9.74 ^a	63.66 ^a	46.87 ^a	78.41 ^a	57.14 ^a	83.61 ^a	97.06 ^a	95.96 ^a	110.68 ^a	0.10 ^a	183.6 ^a	187.39 ^a	197.00 ^a	160.20 ^b
	II	16.61 ^a	73.74 ^a	68.00 ^a	80.39 ^a	10.45 ^a	63.02 ^a	47.16 ^a	78.46 ^a	62.76 ^b	102.84 ^b	116.17 ^b	119.14 ^b	131.62 ^b	0.10 ^a	185.9 ^a	189.78 ^a	199.34 ^a	141.12 ^a

^a–d—Values in the same column with different letters in the superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05) (n = 3); GH – greenhouse; FT—foil tunnel; SO—soil; gelatinization: ∆Hg—enthalpy; T_Og—onset temperature; T_Pg—peak temperature; T_Eg—end; retrogradation: ∆Hr—enthalpy; T_Or—onset temperature; T_Pr—peak; T_Er—end temperature; R—degree; glass transition: T_Ogt—onset temperatures; T_MIDgt—middle; T_INVgt—inversion; T_Egt—end of transformation; melting peak: T_Om—onset temperature; T_Pm—peak; T_Em—conclusion and ∆H_m—enthalpy.