Table 3.

The mechanism of “Jun medicine” of MFH in TCM formulae against Alzheimer’s disease.

No.	“Jun Medicine” of MFH	TCH Formulae	Dose Range		Controls		Experimental Models		Mechanism	References
			In Vitro	In Vivo	Positive	Negative	In Vitro	In Vivo
1	Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.	Shenma Yizhi Decoction (SMYZD)		2.97, 11.88 g/kg				Wistar rats	↑NG2, ↑Ang1, ↑PDGFR-β	[22]
		Yizhi Qingxin Formula (YZQXF)		0.3, 0.6 mg/kg	Donepezil hydrochloride	Distilled water		Wistar rats	↑IL-10, ↓amyloid-β peptide, ↓TNFα, ↓IL2, ↓IL-6, ↑BDNF, ↑TrkB, ↑BDNF/TrkB pathway, ↑Erk and Akt signaling	[23]
				2.6, 5.2, 10.4 g·kg−1		Distilled water		APP/PS1 mice	↑LC3II/LC3I, ↑Beclin1, ↓mTOR, ↑4EBP1, ↓p62, ↑cathepsin D, ↑V-ATPase, ↓Aβ	[24]
		Jangwonhwan	50, 75, 100, 150 µg/mL	400 mg/kg			SH-SY5Y cells	APPswe/PS1De9 mice	↓Abeta (1-42), ↓Abeta (1-40)	[25]
2	Angelica acutiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Kitag.	Danggui Buxue Tang (DGBXT)	25, 50, 75, 100 µM				Cortical neurons		↑Bcl2/Bax, ↓cleaved-caspase 3/9, ↓PARP	[26]
		Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DGSYS)		1.6, 3.2, 4.8 g/kg				SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice	↑E2, ↑NO, ↑glycine	[27]
				1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g/kg	Aricept	Saline		APP/PS1 mice	↓PEG2, ↓TXB2, ↓LTB4, ↓cPLA2, ↓COX-1, ↓COX-2	[28]
		Fo Shou San (FSS)		1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g/kg	Donepezil	Ultrapure water		APP/PS1 mice	↓LPS, ↑AP, ↓MDA	[29]
3	Astragalus aaronii (Eig) Zohary	Tiaoxin Recipe		0.057 g/d				APPswe/PS1De9 mice	↓amyloid plaque, ↓Aβ1-42	[30]
		Fuzheng Quxie Decoction (FZQXD)		1.3, 2.6 g/kg				SAMP8 mice	↓HIF1α	[31]
4	Poriacocos (Schw.) Wolf	Lingui Zhugan Decoction (LGZGD)		4.8, 2.4 or 1.2 g/kg	Donepezil	Saline		Sprague–Dawley rats	↓TNF-α, ↓IL-1β, ↓Aβ1-42, ↓p-Erk1/2, ↓p-p38, ↓p-NF-κB, ↓p-IκBα, ↓MAPK signaling, ↓NF-κB signaling	[32]