Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 25;22(3):917. doi: 10.3390/s22030917
%OP Percent of Over-Predictions
1 d, 1 h, 15 min 1 day, 1 h, 15 minutes
1st Qu., 3rd Qu. 1st quantile, 3rd quantile
3M, 6M 3 months, 6 months
AIS algorithmic investment strategies
ARC Annualized Return Compounded
ARIMA Autoregressive Moving Average
ARIMAX Autoregressive Moving Average with exogenous variables
ASD Annualized Standard Deviation
AT Attention based model
B&H buy&hold strategy
bs040, bs080, bs160 batch size of 40, 80 and 160 observations, respectively
BTC bitcoin
CEC Constant Error Carousel
CET Central European Time
dr001, dr002, dr004 dropout rate of 1%, 2% and 4%, respectively
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GRU Gated Recurrent Unit
IR* Information Ratio
IR** Modified Information Ratio
IR*** Aggregated Information Ratio
KNN K-Nearest Neighbours algorithm
Kurt. kurtosis coefficient
LightGBM Light Gradient Boosting algorithm
LS, LO Long/Short strategy, Long only strategy
LSTM Long-Short Term Memory
MADL Mean Absolute Directional Loss
MAE Mean Absolute Error
MAPE Mean Absolute Percentage Error
MD Maximum Drawdown
MLD Maximum Loss Duration
MSE Mean Square Error
nObs number of observations
Norm. Pearson chi-square normality test p-value
nTrades number of trades
OHLC Open High Low Close
RB Rebalancing period
RH research hypothesis
RMSE Root Mean Square Error
RNN Recurrent Neural Network
seq07, seq14, seq28 sequence length of 7, 14 and 28 observations, respectively
SGD Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm
Skew. skewness coefficient
SVR Support Vector Regression
TI Technical indicators
tr0685, tr1371, tr2742 training set length (size) of 685, 1371 and 2742 observations, respectively
W10%, W20% weight of 10%, weight of 20%
XGBoost Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm