Table 2.

PICOS criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies.

Parameter	Criteria	Exclusion
Population	Healthy and occasionally or chronically ill adults (≥18 years)	Individuals <18 years, animals, in vitro
Intervention	Galactomannan, Gum Arabic, Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum, Fenugreek, Zinc Carnosine, Chicory, Burdock Root Arctium, Slippery Elm, Activated Charcoal, Clove Oil, Papaya, Cardamom, Ginger, Fennel, Aloe, Chamomile, Lemon Balm, Dandelion, Ashwagandha, Peppermint, Marine Alginate, Melatonin, Apple Cider Vinegar, Licorice, and D-Limonene	N/A
Comparator	Placebo, control, none, or standard care	N/A
Outcome	Improvement of upper GI symptoms	N/A
Study Design	RCTs, clinical studies, and review articles	Case reports, observational studies, editorials, comments, notes, and letters