Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 18;14(3):358. doi: 10.3390/polym14030358

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Scanning electron microscopy images of 72 h biofilms on titanium discs coated with: (A,B) phosphate buffered saline (PBS); (C,D) undoped nanoparticles (NPs); (E,F) calcium NPs; (G,H) zinc NPs; (I,J) doxycycline NPs. A mature biofilm could be seen in the negative control group (A,B). In unloaded NPs, calcium NPs and zinc NPs (C–H), there were similar biofilm structures and development, with isolated areas of the discs free from biofilm growth. Doxycycline NPs was the only group without an observable biofilm on the coated titanium surface. Magnification: (A,C,E,G,I) 1000×; (B,D,F,H,J) 3000×.