Table 3.

Examples of some filaments for FFF based on natural materials.

Material Composition		Filament Diameter (mm)	Extrusion Temperature (°C)	Printing Speed (mm/s)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Young’s Modulus (GPa)	Ref.
natural material	PLA/low-cost kraft lignin (5%)	1.78 ± 0.04	205	20	40.8–51.2	2.28–2.47	[95]
	PLA/cork/TBC	1.75 ± 0.05	230	30	30.53 ± 1.0	2.49 ± 0.15	[96]
	ABS or PLA/beech wood (0–50%)	1.75–1.45	275 (ABS), 230 (PLA)	30	30–57	3.0–3.94	[47,97]
	PLA/pine wood/rice husk	1.75	210	/	30–40	1.5–2.0	[98]
	PLA/bamboo powder/PEG	1.8	175, 195	30, 50	/	/	[99]
	PLA/hemp and harakeke	3/2.6–3	110	/	24–30	2.7–4.2	[100]
	ABS/rice straw (5–15%)	1.75 ± 0.3	250	/	12–30	1.3–2.5	[101]