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. 2022 Jan 27;22(3):994. doi: 10.3390/s22030994

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Wearable electrochemical immunosensors for detecting cortisol (stress hormone). (A) Mental stress-relevant molecular secretions into biofluids can be monitored by electrochemical methods. (B) Patch-type sensor fabricated on a flexible poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate) substrate. The sensor chip contains near field communication module for wireless energy supply and wireless data transmission. (C) Bandage-type sensor with inkjet-printed electrode on a polyimide substrate. (D) Cortisol-detecting conductive fiber. HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; BSA, bovine serum albumin; and PEG, poly(ethylene glycol).