| NPs | nanoparticles |
| BMNPs | bimetallic nanoparticles |
| MNPs | monometallic nanoparticles |
| GRR | galvanic replacement reaction |
| LSPR | Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance |
| Me | metal |
| GK | kondagogu rubber |
| BK-39 | Lithospermum erythrorhizon |
| CDs | cyclodextrin |
| NCs | nanoclusters |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| SAXS | small-angle X-ray scattering |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
| MEF | metal-enhanced fluorescence |
| LA | lactose |
| LB | lactobionic acid |
| CIP | Ciprofloxacin |
| MIC | minimal inhibitory concentration |
| MCBE | minimal concentration of biofilm eradication |
| SERS | Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering |
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