. 2022 Jan 18;14(3):425. doi: 10.3390/nu14030425

Table 2.

Characteristics of participants stratified by soy food intake level.

Variables	Liquid Soy Food (Cups/Day)				Solid Soy Food (Servings/Day)				All Soy Food (Times/Week)
Variables	None ^1,^†	Medium ^1,^†	High ^1,^†	p Value	None ^2,^†	Medium ^2,^†	High ^2,^†	p Value	None ^3,^†	Medium ^3,^†	High ^3,^†	p Value
Sex, %				0.010 ^b				0.011 ^b				0.127
Male	37.3	28.5 *	34.2		40.0	28.3	31.7		35.1	24.4	40.4
Female	35.6	31.2 *	32.2		40.1	30.5	29.4		36.0	25.5	38.5
Family income, RMB/month, %				0.320				0.009 ^b				0.038 ^b
2000 or below	35.5	29.8	34.6	0.880	44.9	25.1 *	30.1	0.052	39.7	21.1 *	39.2	0.076
2000–5000	34.4	30.8	34.8 *	0.061	38.7	29.6	31.7	0.219	34.3	26.1	39.6	0.233
5000–8000	36.5	30.9	32.6	0.416	38.9	31.2	29.9	0.115	36.6	26.2	37.2 *	0.046 ^b
≥8000	37.2	29.6	33.2	0.525	39.8	30.3	29.9	0.376	34.9	25.0	40.0	0.640
Don’t know or no answer	37.7	28.4	33.6	0.214	42.4	26.8 *	30.9	0.009 ^b	35.9	23.2	40.9	0.098
Anthropometry, mean ± SE
Weight (kg)	42.62 ± 0.23	39.53 ± 0.26 *	43.77 ± 0.25 *	<0.001 ^a	41.21 ± 0.23	41.14 ± 0.26	44.08 ± 0.26 *	<0.001 ^a	40.51 ± 0.24	40.83 ± 0.28	44.30 ± 0.23 *	<0.001 ^a
BMI (kg/m²)	18.30 ± 0.06	17.78 ± 0.06 *	18.52 ± 0.06 *	<0.001 ^a	18.03 ± 0.05	18.07 ± 0.06	18.61 ± 0.07 *	<0.001 ^a	17.94 ± 0.06	17.99 ± 0.07	18.63 ± 0.06 *	<0.001 ^a
WC (cm)	64.11 ± 0.16	62.52 ± 0.18 *	64.57 ± 0.16	<0.001 ^a	63.30 ± 0.15	63.30 ± 0.17	64.91 ± 0.18 *	<0.001 ^a	63.04 ± 0.16	63.22 ± 0.19	64.84 ± 0.15 *	<0.001 ^a
SBP (mmHg)	105.97 ± 0.19	104.91 ± 0.21 *	106.24 ± 0.19	<0.001 ^a	105.35 ± 0.18	105.55 ± 0.21	106.44 ± 0.21 *	<0.001 ^a	105.05 ± 0.19	105.63 ± 0.23	106.43 ± 0.18 *	<0.001 ^a
DBP (mmHg)	65.81 ± 0.13	65.65 ± 0.15	65.89 ± 0.13	0.471	65.71 ± 0.12	65.62 ± 0.15	66.05 ± 0.14	0.082	65.59 ± 0.13	65.93 ± 0.16	65.87 ± 0.13	0.171
Dietary conditions, mean ± SE
Fruit, servings/day	1.06 ± 0.02	1.09 ± 0.02 *	1.25 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c	1.05 ± 0.02	1.08 ± 0.02 *	1.28 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c	1.07 ± 0.02	1.09 ± 0.02 *	1.22 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c
Vegetables, servings/day	1.84 ± 0.02	1.82 ± 0.03	2.01 ± 0.03 *	<0.001 ^c	1.76 ± 0.02	1.79 ± 0.02 *	2.17 ± 0.03 *	<0.001 ^c	1.79 ± 0.03	1.90 ± 0.03 *	1.98 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c
Meat, servings/day	1.71 ± 0.02	1.59 ± 0.02 *	1.79 ± 0.03 *	<0.001 ^c	1.64 ± 0.02	1.53 ± 0.02	1.94 ± 0.03 *	<0.001 ^c	1.67 ± 0.02	1.65 ± 0.03	1.76 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c
Milk, servings/day	0.61 ± 0.01	0.59 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.01 *	<0.001 ^c	0.60 ± 0.01	0.63 ± 0.01 *	0.71 ± 0.10 *	<0.001 ^c	0.58 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.01 *	0.71 ± 0.01 *	<0.001 ^c
SSBs, servings/day	0.21 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01 *	0.32 ± 0.01 *	<0.001 ^c	0.24 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01 *	0.31 ± 0.01 *	<0.001 ^c	0.24 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01 *	0.29 ± 0.01 *	<0.001 ^c
Fried food times/week	0.62 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.02 *	1.00 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c	0.67 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.02 *	0.99 ± 0.03 *	<0.001 ^c	0.68 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.02 *	0.95 ± 0.02 *	<0.001 ^c

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SE, standard error; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage; WC, waist circumference; ANOVA, analysis of variance. ^† None ¹, 0 cups/day; medium ¹, 0–0.4 cups/day; high ¹, >0.4 cups/day. None ², 0–0.1429 servings/day; medium ², 0.1429–0.4286 servings/day; high ², >0.4286 servings/day. None ³, 0–1 times/week; medium ³, 1–3 times/week; high ³, >3 times/week. * p < 0.05, compared with no intake (χ2 test or one-way ANOVA test to discriminate pairwise comparisons). ^a p < 0.05, boys vs. girls, assessed by one-way ANOVA. ^b p < 0.05, boys vs. girls, assessed by the χ2 test for categorical variables. ^c p < 0.05, boys vs. girls, assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis H test.