Table 3.

Results obtained in the integration of mobile telephony in visible light communications.

Article	Direction	Method	Results
[67]	PC-to-PC connection and transfer text, images using visible light communications.	Transfer information (the encrypted data through visible light, and receiver identifies and descripts the information).	The study was successful in sending the text and image text with accuracy of 100% and image 99% at a rate of 9600 kbps.
[68]	Vehicle-to-vehicle distance estimation using low-resolution camera based on visible light communications.	The work developed a high-speed and long-distance communication using VLC system and blue light LD.	The real-time transmission was 1.445 Gbit/s optical OFDM signal in 4.8 m underwater channel. The error vector magnitude was approximately 10%.
[69]	Transfer text and image, reception text and image using light from LEDs and a light sensor.	This work transferred the image and text to bit with Raspberry Pi platform and Python.	They successfully transferred one line of text with image 80% received.
[70]	Study that was based on communication using GaN micro-LEDs with E-O bandwidth (1.3 GHz for multi-gigabit visible light communications).	Based on the high-speed micro-LED, they demonstrated that a transfer rate of 2 Gbps and a BET of 1.2 × 10−3 can be obtained over a real distance of 3 m.	The results include a 4 Gbps system with multiplexing and orthogonal division in frequency and phase shift in quadrature and with a BER of 3.2 × 10−3.