Table 2.
Comparison table for the properties of different bulk piezoelectric materials.
| Materials | Orientation/Cut | Piezoelectric Coefficient (C/N), d33 | Wave Velocity (m/s) | Density (Kg/m3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartz | X axis | 2.3 × 10−12 (d11) | 3159 (Transverse) | 2650 |
| Quartz | ST-cut | 2.3 × 10−12 (d11) | 3159 (Transverse) | 2650 |
| Lithium niobate | Y, Z axis | 6 × 10−12 | 3488 | 4650 |
| Lithium niobate | 128° Y, X axis | 12 × 10−12 | 3992 | 4650 |
| Lithium tantalate | Y, Z axis | 8 × 10−12 | 3230 | 7465 |
| Lithium tantalate | X-cut | 5.7 × 10−12 | 3290 | 7465 |
| Langasite | 7 × 10−12 | 2723 (0°; 138,5°; 26,7°) | 5746 | |
| PVDF film | 20 × 10−12 | 2600 (Longitudinal) | 1780 | |
| Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) | 110 × 10−12 | 3900 (Longitudinal) | 7500 | |
| Barium titanate | 160 × 10−12 | 4392 | 5700 | |
| Materials | Orientation/Cut | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Curie Temperature (°C) | Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient, k2 (%) |
| Quartz | X axis | 97.2 | 573 | 0.14 |
| Quartz | ST-cut | 71.7 | 573 | 0.03 |
| lithium niobate | Y, Z axis | 202 (C11) | 1150 | 0.045 |
| lithium niobate | 128° Y, X axis | 202 (C11) | 1150 | 5–11.3 |
| Lithium tantalate | Y, Z axis | 233.1 (C11) | 607 | 0.66 |
| Lithium tantalate | X-cut | 233.1 (C11) | 607 | 0.75 |
| Langasite | 189.2 (C11) | N/A | 0.36 | |
| PVDF film | 2.5 | 80–100 | 2.9 | |
| Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) | 60 | 200 | 20–35 | |
| Barium titanate | 110 | 120 | 0.34 |