Table 3.

Gene expression profiles of hepatic inflammation in HFD and MCD diet-fed animal models.

Gene Symbol	Nomenclature	Role	Diet Type	Duration (Weeks)	Animal Model	Gene Expression	Reference
CFH	Complement component factor H	Plays an essential role in maintaining a well-balanced immune response	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Up	[44]
COX-2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (cyclooxygenase-2)	A particular role in the inflammatory response	HFD	8	Female SD rats	Up	[30]
CXCL1	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Up	[44]
CXCL14	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14	Chemotactic for B-lymphocytes	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Down
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta	Induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, and T cell activation	MCD	2	Male SD rats	Up	[51]
				5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up	[49]
IL-6	Interleukin-6	Regulation of the immune response	MCD	2	Male SD rats	Up	[51]
				5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up	[49]
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	Exhibits chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils	MCD	5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up
NF-κB1	Nuclear factor-kappa B subunit 1	Stimulates many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis	MCD	5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up
iNOS2	Inducible nitric oxide synthase	Involved in inflammation, enhances the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8	HFD	8	Female SD rats	Up	[30]
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor-beta 1	Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types	MCD	2	Male SD rats	Up	[51]
				5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up	[49]
				12	Male SD rats	Up	[52]
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha	A key mediator of cell death, and induces insulin resistance	HFD	6	Male SD rats	Up	[50]
				24	Male C57BL/6J mice	Up	[45]
				8	Female SD rats	Up	[30]
				16	Male C57BL/6 mice	Up	[53]
				25	Male C57BL/6 mice	Up	[22]
			MCD	2	Male and female C57BL/6J mice	Up	[54]
				4	C57BL/6 mice	Up	[55]
				2	Male SD rats	Up	[51]
				5	Male C57BL/6N mice	Up	[49]