Table 4.

Gene expression profiles of hepatic oxidative stress in HFD and MCD diet-fed animal models.

Gene Symbol	Nomenclature	Role	Diet Type	Duration (Weeks)	Animal Model	Gene Expression	Reference
AOX	Alternative oxidase mitochondrial precursor	Catalyzes the cyanide-resistant oxidation of ubiquinol	MCD	4	db/db mice	Down	[37]
					db/m Mice	Up
CAT	Catalase	Protects cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide	HFD	8	Female SD rats	Down	[30]
CHOP (DDIT3)	C/EBP homologous protein (DNA damage-inducible transcript 3)	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response	HFD	25	Male C57BL/6 mice	Up	[22]
CPT-1	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1	Plays role in mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids	MCD	4	db/db mice	Up	[37]
				4	db/m mice	Up
CPT-2	Carnitine O-palmitoyl transferase 2, mitochondrial	Intra-mitochondrial synthesis of acylcarnitines	MCD	4	db/db mice	Up
				4	db/m mice	Up
GAB1	GRB2-associated binding protein 1	Plays a role in FGFR1 signaling	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Up	[44]
GADD45G	Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma	Mediates activation of stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Up
Gp91phox (CYBB)	Cytochrome B-245, beta polypeptide	A critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide	HFD	24	Male C57BL/6J mice	Up	[45]
GPX1	Glutathione peroxidase	Protects from oxidative breakdown	HFD	8	Female SD rats	Down	[30]
LCAD	Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Catalyzes the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation	MCD	4	db/db mice	No change	[37]
				4	db/m mice	Up
L-FABP	Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	Plays a role in lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol uptake	MCD	4	db/db mice	Down
				4	db/m mice	Down
NFE2L2	Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-Like 2	Transcription factor	HFD	16	Male Wistar rats	Up	[44]
P22phox (CYPA)	Cytochrome B-245, alpha polypeptide	Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase	HFD	24	Male C57BL/6J mice	Up	[45]
P47phox (NCF1)	Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production)	HFD	24	Male C57BL/6J mice	Up
PERK	Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase	Plays a role in the early steps of protein synthesis	HFD	25	Male C57BL/6 mice	Down	[22]
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog)	Deacetylase, ADP-ribosyl transferase, and other deacylase activities	HFD	12	Male Wistar rats	Down	[56]