3OHM	3-hydroxymelatonin
Aβ	β-amyloid peptide
Aβo	amyloid-β oligomers
Akt	protein kinase B
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
COX	cytochrome c oxidase
CYB5R3	NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ES	embryonic stem
G6P	glucose 6-phosphate
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
Ga	giga annum (billion years)
GLUT1	glucose transporter 1
GOE	great oxidation event
H+	hydrogen proton
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
IDR	intrinsically disordered region
Ld	liquid disordered
Lo	liquid ordered
LLPS	liquid–liquid phase separation
mM	millimolar
μM	micromolar
MD	molecular dynamics
MetHb	methemoglobin
MLO	membraneless organelle
MSC	mesenchymal stem cell
NAD+	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen
NLRP3	NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (inflammasome)
nM	nanomolar
•OH	hydroxyl radical
•OOH	hydroperoxyl radical
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
pHe	extracellular pH
pHi	intracellular pH
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
POPE	1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
POPC	1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
PTM	post-translational modification
RBC	red blood cell
RCF	red cell flux
Redox	oxidation-reduction
RNA	ribonucleic acid
RNP	ribonucleoprotein
ROS	reactive oxygen species
UPS	ubiquitin-protease system
UVR	ultraviolet radiation
VDA	vascular disrupting agent
WT	wild-type