. 2022 Feb 6;11(3):447. doi: 10.3390/plants11030447

Table 1.

Mean quantities (µg/g, DM) of phenolic compounds in leaves of Achillea spp. and their multivariate comparison among seven wild species.

Compounds	A. cappadocica	A. setacea	A. aleppica	A. coarctata	A.santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii	A. santolinoides	A. arabica	p-Value
Neochlorogenic acid	¹608.73 ± 156.58	728.7 ± 111.15	1683.2 ± 84.16	378 ± 18.9	935.4 ± 216.89	519.4 ± 14.99	1824.28 ± 1013.49	0.21
Chlorogenic acid	3347.2 ± 944.48 ^ab1	8062.76 ± 1279.67 ^abc	10,020.3 ± 501.02 ^bc	1973.4 ± 98.67 ^a	4871.02 ± 1666.55 ^ab	4038.2 ± 116.57 ^ab	12,884.98 ± 4288.21 ^c	<0.05
4-caffeoylquinic acid	193.47 ± 46.78 ^ab	996.4 ± 368.42 ^b	873.1 ± 43.66 ^ab	139.6 ± 6.98 ^a	508.56 ± 134.31 ^ab	231.8 ± 6.69 ^ab	619.5 ± 282.72 ^ab	<0.05
3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid	2020.63 ± 627.73 ^ab	3399.46 ± 1211 ^b	683.2 ± 34.16 ^a	1722.2 ± 86.11 ^ab	570.72 ± 177.14 ^a	2328.8 ± 67.23 ^ab	787.68 ± 583.73 ^a	<0.05
3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	7564.07 ± 2067.07 ^ab	11,570.64 ± 2836.29 ^b	2758.8 ± 137.94 ^a	6615.3 ± 330.77 ^ab	2451.38 ± 853.18 ^a	5012.2 ± 144.69 ^ab	4662.28 ± 3081.53 ^ab	<0.05
1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	396.03 ± 79.37 ^b	21.54 ± 21.54 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	750.4 ± 37.52 ^c	25.98 ± 16.93 ^a	404.7 ± 11.68 ^b	114.28 ± 90.28 ^a	<0.001
4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	1232.77 ± 469.86 ^a	1062.88 ± 454.86 ^a	378.8 ± 18.94 ^a	6615.3 ± 330.77 ^b	299.82 ± 90.24 ^a	1210.6 ± 34.95 ^a	245.5 ± 141.07 ^a	<0.001
Caffeic acid	34.47 ± 6.73 ^b	33.56 ± 11.64 ^b	0.7 ± 0.04 ^a	21.1 ± 1.06 ^ab	24.86 ± 6.44 ^ab	83.6 ± 2.41 ^c	11.58 ± 6.84 ^ab	<0.001
Quercitrin	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	8904.9 ± 5126.48 ^b	<0.05
Rutin	1785.07 ± 476.65 ^abc	932.56 ± 531.04 ^ab	0 ± 0 ^a	3137.4 ± 156.87 ^c	130.08 ± 109.22 ^ab	1019.3 ± 29.42 ^ab	2115.63 ± 1284.52 ^bc	<0.05
Quercetin	15.8 ± 7.9 ^a	23.34 ± 5.97 ^ab	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	19.86 ± 0.66 ^ab	59.2 ± 1.71 ^c	45.85 ± 15.87 ^bc	<0.05
Isoquercitrin	1541.5 ± 783.89 ^a	0 ± 0 ^b	80.5 ± 4.03 ^b	199.8 ± 9.99 ^bc	135.72 ± 80.37 ^bc	112.1 ± 3.24 ^bc	1732.24 ± 1629.62 ^a	<0.05
Luteolin	86.43 ± 43.6 ^b	129.96 ± 4.9 ^bc	0 ± 0 ^a	183.3 ± 9.17 ^c	114 ± 1.81 ^bc	151.8 ± 4.38 ^bc	115.68 ± 39.38 ^bc	<0.001
Luteolin-7-glucoside	63.4 ± 29.33 ^a	127.98 ± 35.1 ^b	703.3 ± 35.17 ^b	33.8 ± 1.69 ^a	453.58 ± 215.59 ^b	39.8 ± 1.15 ^a	3763.95 ± 3487.18 ^c	<0.05
Luteolin-7-rutinoside	40.07 ± 20.03 ^a	88.36 ± 37.22 ^a	0 ± 0 ^b	37.8 ± 1.89 ^ab	271.56 ± 137.1 ^c	0 ± 0 ^b	83.5 ± 57.68 ^a	<0.05
Luteolin-3,7-diglucoside	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	-
Apigenin	1.23 ± 1.23	0 ± 0	4 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.17	2.78 ± 2.47	0 ± 0	1.73 ± 1.73	0.45
Apigenin-7-glucoside	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	216.5 ± 10.83 ^b	0 ± 0 ^a	158.7 ± 59.39 ^b	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	<0.001
Santin	234.7 ± 13.66 ^ab	784.02 ± 287.25 ^b	0 ± 0 ^a	0 ± 0 ^a	459.94 ± 141.44 ^ab	0 ± 0 ^a	267.03 ± 107.43 ^ab	<0.05

¹ Values (mean ± SE) of the compounds marked by different letters (a, b) within the row were significantly differed at p ≤ 0.05 among species according to the Duncan’s Multiple Range test.