Table 3.
Mean quantities (µg/g, DM) of phenolic compounds in stems of Achillea spp. and their multivariate comparison among seven wild species.
| Compounds | A. cappadocica | A. setacea | A. aleppica | A. coarctata | A.santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii | A. santolinoides | A. arabica | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neochlorogenic acid | 1198.13 ± 15.83 a | 277.6 ± 56.41 ab | 430.5 ± 12.43 b | 169.6 ± 4.9 a | 264.88 ± 56.6 ab | 223 ± 6.44 ab | 347.18 ± 122.04 ab | <0.05 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 670.97 ± 121.5 a | 1554.64 ± 340.63 b | 1901.4 ± 54.89 b | 554.9 ± 16.02 a | 2044.22 ± 1086.49 b | 1001.4 ± 28.91 b | 1992.4 ± 709.1 b | <0.05 |
| 4-caffeoylquinic acid | 55.03 ± 4.08 a | 354.58 ± 149.37 b | 280.6 ± 8.1 b | 51.1 ± 1.48 a | 252.74 ± 86.63 b | 87.7 ± 2.53 a | 269.23 ± 197.21 b | <0.05 |
| 3.4-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 388.8 ± 94.75 a | 664.18 ± 206.38 b | 361.8 ± 10.44 a | 441.8 ± 12.75 ab | 219.84 ± 63.56 a | 409.4 ± 11.82 ab | 318.25 ± 226.39 a | <0.05 |
| 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 1557.77 ± 152.48 | 1583.34 ± 360.82 | 1167.4 ± 33.7 | 1916.9 ± 55.34 | 1175.4 ± 423.71 | 1210.6 ± 34.95 | 1165.95 ± 745.73 | 0.84 |
| 1.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 169.8 ± 17.51 b | 85.2 ± 10.66 a | 40.2 ± 1.16 a | 524 ± 15.13 c | 102.58 ± 30.18 ab | 105.6 ± 3.05 ab | 54 ± 36.29 a | <0.001 |
| 4.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 273.07 ± 30.27 bc | 177.18 ± 42.64 abc | 433.6 ± 12.52 c | 296.4 ± 8.56 bc | 122.96 ± 28.15 a | 211.5 ± 6.11 abc | 131.95 ± 79.11 ab | <0.001 |
| Caffeic acid | 2.47 ± 1.18 a | 8.12 ± 1.01 a | 25.8 ± 0.74 b | 2.6 ± 0.08 a | 8.24 ± 2.26 a | 31.5 ± 0.91 b | 10.85 ± 9.06 a | <0.001 |
| Quercitrin | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 2442.38 ± 1407.88 b | <0.05 |
| Rutin | 204.03 ± 16.38 a | 366.86 ± 219.79 a | 0 ± 0 b | 1732.2 ± 50 c | 46.1 ± 28.38 b | 63.5 ± 1.83 b | 355.8 ± 213.21 a | <0.001 |
| Quercetin | 54.57 ± 5.93 b | 29.84 ± 2.37 a | 24.1 ± 0.7 a | 24.8 ± 0.72 a | 21 ± 0.7 a | 76.6 ± 2.21 c | 47.7 ± 8.31 b | <0.001 |
| Isoquercitrin | 476.67 ± 111.16 bc | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 0 ± 0 a | 35.2 ± 23.64 a | 720.5 ± 20.8 c | 303.23 ± 303.23 ab | <0.001 |
| Luteolin | 74.03 ± 37.07 | 45.4 ± 27.81 | 129.6 ± 3.74 | 111.7 ± 3.22 | 48.58 ± 30 | 118.5 ± 3.42 | 100.93 ± 34.4 | 0.21 |
| Luteolin-7-glucoside | 6.9 ± 3.86 a | 18.96 ± 4.86 a | 86.4 ± 2.49 ab | 13.5 ± 0.39 a | 197.36 ± 74.13 b | 5.1 ± 0.15 a | 198.55 ± 114.2 b | <0.05 |
| Luteolin-7-rutinoside | 203.87 ± 93.88 a | 135 ± 14.8 ab | 105.1 ± 3.03 ab | 32.9 ± 0.95 b | 46.58 ± 18.63 b | 179.9 ± 5.19 ab | 162.93 ± 90.55 ab | 0.02 |
| Luteolin-3.7-diglucoside | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | - |
| Apigenin | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | - |
| Apigenin-7-glucoside | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | - |
| Santin | 214.9 ± 6.37 a | 247.48 ± 15.54 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 243.72 ± 22.41 a | 0 ± 0 b | 223.08 ± 5.52 a | <0.001 |
1 Values (mean ± SE) of the compounds marked by different letters (a, b, c) within the row were significantly differed at p ≤ 0.05 among species according to the Duncan’s Multiple Range test.