Table 1.
Demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics of study population 1,2.
| Non-Vegetarian | Vegan | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 46 | 47 | |
| Demographic | |||
| Sex | 1 | ||
| Male | 23 (50) | 24 (51) | |
| Female | 23 (50) | 23 (49) | |
| Age (years) | 60.8 (11.1) | 66.5 (9.9) | 0.011 |
| BMI (kg/m2) 3 | 31.3 (7.0) | 24.7 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | 1 | ||
| Caucasian | 23 (50) | 23 (49) | |
| Black | 23 (50) | 24 (51) | |
| Dietary | |||
| Total kca3 | 2520.8 (902.8) | 1776.8 (744.7) | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 19.6 (6.5) | 40.5 (8.8) | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 21.8 (7.9) | 9.0 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Total meat (g/d) | 104.9 (41.0) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Red meat (g/d) | 54.9 (22.8) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Processed meat (g/d) | 6.4 (6.6) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Poultry (g/d) | 31.2 (21.6) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Fish (g/d) | 20.7 (17.2) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Dairy (kcal/d) | 252.8 (151.7) | 17.0 (14.7) 3 | <0.001 |
| Fruit (kcal/d) | 108.3 (64.9) | 320.9 (159.3) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (kcal/d) | 67.6 (36.3) | 134.5 (115.4) | <0.001 |
| Soy (kcal/d) | 60.06 (42.3) | 156.3 (99.2) | <0.001 |
| Legumes (kcal/d) | 46.1 (56.4) | 73.2 (56.0) | <0.001 |
| Whole grains (kcal/d) | 172.4 (130.9) | 326.6 (189.8) | <0.022 |
| Lifestyle | |||
| Exercise (min/week) 4 | 63.6 (100.8) | 132.3 (110.6) | 0.003 |
| Smoking (ever vs. never) | 12 (26.1) | 2 (4.3) | 0.008 |
| Alcohol drinking (ever vs. never) | 24 (52.2) | 12 (25.5) | 0.015 |
| Coffee (any vs. never/rarely) | 18 (39.1) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin/NSAIDS (<1/wk vs. ≥1/wk) | 11 (23.9) | 3 (6.4) | 0.038 |
1 Values presented as n (%) or mean (SD). 2 Dietary variables adjusted for kcal/day. 3 Based on follow up phone calls in a sample, these small quantities of dairy are most likely artefactual coming from recipes of certain mixed foods where vegans can choose non-dairy options not reflected in these recipes. 4 Missing values: body mass index (BMI), n = 2; kcal, n = 1; Exercise, n = 2. NSAIDS = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.