Table 2.
Association between ACEs and continuous HGS (kg) in the overall population and different sex groups in linear regression models
|
Overalld N = 7209 |
Mend N = 3396 |
Womend N = 3813 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | β (95% CI) | ||
| ACEs | |||
| 0 | ref | ref | ref |
| 1 | -0.16 (-0.62, 0.30) | -0.19 (-0.97, 0.58) | -0.22 (-0.76, 0.32) |
| 2 | -0.34 (-0.82, 0.14) | -0.39 (-1.18, 0.40) | -0.36 (-0.94, 0.21) |
| ≥ 3 | -1.26 (-1.71, -0.81) | -1.39 (-2.12, -0.65) | -1.17 (-1.71, -0.64) |
| p for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Model 2b | |||
| ACEs | |||
| 0 | ref | ref | ref |
| 1 | -0.16 (-0.61, 0.30) | -0.20 (-0.96, 0.56) | -0.21 (-0.75, 0.32) |
| 2 | -0.32 (-0.80, 0.16) | -0.39 (-1.17, 0.39) | -0.35 (-0.93, 0.22) |
| ≥ 3 | -1.18 (-1.62, -0.73) | -1.33 (-2.06, -0.61) | -1.11 (-1.65, -0.57) |
| p for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Model 3c | |||
| ACEs | |||
| 0 | ref | ref | ref |
| 1 | -0.12 (-0.57, 0.32) | -0.22 (-0.96, 0.51) | -0.18 (-0.71, 0.35) |
| 2 | -0.28 (-0.75, 0.19) | -0.40 (-1.16, 0.36) | -0.29 (-0.87, 0.28) |
| ≥ 3 | -0.93 (-1.37, -0.49) | -1.04 (-1.75, -0.33) | -0.93 (-1.46, -0.39) |
| p for trend | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
ACE adverse childhood experience, CI confidence interval, HGS handgrip strength
aModel 1: Adjusted for age and sex in the overall population, and adjusted for age in different sex groups
bModle 2: Additionally adjusted for marital status, ethnicity, and area of residence
cModel 3: Additionally adjusted for smoking and drinking status, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, DM, CVD, arthritis, hip fracture, and memory-related disease
dIn the overall population, the average HGS were 31.2, 31.5, 31.7, and 30.7 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs. In men, the average HGS were 38.6, 38.4, 38.1, and 36.5 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs. In women, the average HGS were 26.2, 25.8, 25.7, and 24.5 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs