Initialize the first population of ants and antlions randomly

Calculate the fitness of ants and antlions

Find the best antlions and assume as the elite (determined optimum)

whilethe end criterion is not satisfied

forevery ant

Select an antlion using Roulette wheel

Update c and d in Equation (5)

Create a random walk and normalize it using Equations (1) and (3)

Update the position of ant using Equation (7)

end for

Calculate the fitness of all ants

Replace an antlion with its corresponding ant it if becomes fitter (Equation (8))

Update elite if an antlion becomes fitter than the elite

end while

Returnelite