%% This function creates random walks

function X = initialization(SearchAgents_no,dim,ub,lb)

function [RWs] = Random_walk_around_antlion(Dim,max_iter,lb, ub,antlion,current_iter)

if size(lb,1) == 1 && size(lb,2) == 1 %Check if the bounds are scalar

lb = ones(1,Dim)*lb;

ub = ones(1,Dim)*ub;

end

if size(lb,1) > size(lb,2) %Check if boundary vectors are horizontal or vertical

lb = lb’;

ub = ub’;

end

I = 1; % I is the ratio in Eq. (6)

if current_iter>max_iter/10

I = 1 + 100*(current_iter/max_iter);

end

……

if current_iter > max_iter*(0.95)

I = 1 + 1000000*(current_iter/max_iter);

end

% Decrease boundaries to converge towards antlion

% Equation (5) in the paper

lb = lb/(I);

ub = ub/(I);

% Move the interval of [lb ub] around the antlion [lb + anlion ub + antlion]

% Equation (4) in the paper

if rand < 0.5

lb = lb + antlion;

end

if rand >= 0.5

ub = ub + antlion;

else

ub = −ub + antlion;

end

for i = 1:Dim

X = [0 cumsum(2*(rand(max_iter,1) > 0.5) − 1)’]; % Equation (1) in the paper

X_norm = ((X − a).*(d − c))./(b − a) + c; % Equation (3) in the paper

end