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. 2022 Feb 6;12(3):559. doi: 10.3390/nano12030559

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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355-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation of aluminum alloy 6061 at a fluence of 0.5 J/cm² after laser irradiation of 15 times. (a) With functional layers. (b) Enlarged view of ablation area of Figure 4a. (c) Without functional layers. (d) Enlarged view of ablation area of Figure 4c.