The mechanical properties of C. albicans cells. Representative Young’s modulus values of C. albicans cells attached on npTi, pTi, and glass surfaces after a 3-day incubation period. The elasticity of C. albicans, including cell body and excreted EPS, was obtained by using Hertz/Seddon model for soft materials on 65,536 AFM force curves. The dark and bright blue color in the elasticity maps represent soft and hard matter, respectively. Young’s modulus data highlighted by the red squares were extracted and constructed into histograms. These histograms were fitted with Gaussian function to extract a nominal Young’s modulus value (elasticity value) for specific materials, i.e., for the cell body and cell-associated EPS. Cell-associated EPS was not detected on C. albicans cells attached on pTi. The red, yellow, and green boxes indicate the cell body, the loose EPS, and the cell-associated EPS, respectively. Scale bars are 2 µm.