Table 3.

Comparison of sleep quality and its subscales between study groups

Variable	Counseling group (n = 43)		Control group (n = 43)		P-value
	Mean (SD‡)	Median (Per 25 to 75)§	Mean (SD‡)	Median (Per 25 to 75)§
Subjective sleep quality
Before intervention	0.96 (0.85)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.68 (0.72)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.130*
After intervention	0.54 (0.67)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.56 (0.71)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.926*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	< 0.001		0.025
Sleep latency
Before intervention	1.37 (1.04)	1.50 (0.50 to 2.50)	1.41 (1.05)	1.50 (0.00 to 2.50)	0.837†
After intervention	0.88 (0.91)	0.50 (0.00 to 1.50)	1.09 (0.94)	1.00 (0.00 to 2.00)	0.334*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	< 0.001		< 0.001
Sleep duration
Before intervention	0.98 (0.86)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.94 (0.71)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.985*
After intervention	0.70 (0.71)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.70 (0.64)	1.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.920*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	0.001		0.012
Sleep efficacy
Before intervention	0.14 (0.42)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	0.17 (0.38)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	0.570*
After intervention	0.05 (0.22)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	0.05 (0.22)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	1.000*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	0.046		0.025
Sleep disturbance
Before intervention	1.26 (0.50)	1.00 (1.00 to 2.00)	1.17 (0.44)	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	0.339*
After intervention	1.17 (0.49)	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	1.05 (0.31)	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	0.165*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	0.102		0.025
Use of sleeping medication
Before intervention	0.63 (1.03)	0.00 (0.00 to 2.00)	0.38 (0.66)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.466*
After intervention	0.49 (0.91)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.38 (0.66)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.844*
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	0.034		1.000
Daytime dysfunction
Before intervention	0.31 (0.52)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.52 (0.83)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.350 *
After intervention	0.24 (0.43)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	0.33 (0.57)	0.00 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.546 *
Intra-group comparison (P-value)¥	0.008		0.001
Total sleep quality score
Before intervention	5.62 (2.82)	5.50 (3.00 to 7.50)	5.23 (3.26)	4.00 (3.00 to 7.50)	0.548†
After intervention	4.04 (2.52)	4.00 (2.00 to 5.50)	4.13 (2.63)	3.50 (2.00 to 6.00)	0.867†
Intra-group comparison (P-value)€	< 0.001		< 0.001

^*Mann Whitney U test; ^†Independent t-test; ^‡Mean (Standard Deviation); ^§Median (Percentile 25 to Percentile 75);

^¥ Wilcoxon test; ^€ Paired samples t-test