Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
| Publication | Country | Sample Source | Study Design | Follow-up Duration, years | Sample Size | Age, years | Male, % | Exposure indicator | CVD Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessed | Cases | |||||||||
| Park, 2021 [14] | South Korean | KNHANES (2014–2018)a | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 6785 | ≥65 | 44.57 | Total sedentary time | CVD morbidity | 914 |
| Hamer, 2020 [11] | UK | UK Biobank (2006–2010)a | Prospective study | 10.4 | 479,658 | 56.5 ± 8.0 | 45.7 | Screen time | CVD mortality | 1437 |
| Liu, 2020 [13] | China | China-PAR (1998, 2000–2001, 2007–2008)a | Prospective study | 5.8 | 93,110 | 52.8 ± 12.3 | 39.4 | Total sedentary time | CVD morbidity or CVD mortality | 3799 |
| Tu, 2020 [18] | China | Self-sampling | Prospective study | 5.9 | 3019 | ≥18 | 42.9 | Total sedentary time | CVD morbidity and mortality | 143 |
| Bellettiere, 2019 [19] | US | OPACH (2012–2014)a | Prospective study | 4.9 | 5638 | 79.0 ± 7.0 | 0 | Total sedentary time | CVD morbidity and mortality | NA |
| Garcia, 2019 [21] | US | JHS (2000–2004)a | Prospective study | 8.4 | 3592 | ≥21 | 36.7–40.8 | Screen time & Occupational sitting time | CVD morbidity | 168 |
| Stamatakis, 2019 [15] | Australia | The 45 and Up study (2006–2009)a | Prospective study | 7.4 | 148,836 | ≥45 | 44.5 | Total sitting time | CVD mortality | 1403 |
| Patel, 2018 [26] | US | CPS-II Nutrition study (1992)a | Prospective study | 20.3 | 127,554 | 50–74 | 44.38 | Leisure sedentary time | CVD mortality | 16,083 |
| Morales, 2018 [9] | UK | UK Biobank (2007–2010)a | Prospective study | 4.1 | 205,338 | 40–69 | NA | Screen time | CVD morbidity | 9660 |
| Dohrn, 2017 [16] | Sweden | ABC study (2001–2002)a | Prospective study | 14.2 | 851 | 66.7 ± 10.2 | 44 | Total sedentary time | CVD mortality | 24 |
| Engelen, 2017 [27] | Australia | ANNPAS (2011–2012)a | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 9435 | ≥18 | NA | Total sitting time | CVD morbidity | NA |
| Cumming, 2016 [22] | Australia | AusDiab (1999–2000)a | Prospective study | 12 | 9104 | 50.7 ± 13.4 to 67.4 ± 13.0 | 44.33 | Screen time | CVD morbidity | 126 |
| Evenson, 2016 [17] | US | NHANES (2003–2006)a | Prospective study | 6.7 | 3809 | 55.3 | 45.4 | Total sedentary time, screen time | CVD mortality | 107 |
| Grace, 2016 [24] | Australia | AusDiab (1999–2000)a | Prospective study | 13.6 | 8907 | ≥18 | 44.3 | Screen time | CVD mortality | 209 |
| McDonnell, 2016 [23] | US | REGARDS (2003–2007)a | Prospective study | 7.1 | 22,257 | ≥45 | 44.5 | Screen time | CVD morbidity | 727 |
| Moller, 2016 [28] | Denmark | DWECS (1990)a | Prospective study | 12.2 | 11,996 | 18–59 | NA | Occupational sitting time | CVD morbidity and mortality | 510 |
| Borodulin, 2015 [20] | Finland | National FINRISK 2002 study (2002)a | Prospective study | 8.6 | 4516 | 47.0 ± 13.0 | 44.5 | Total sedentary time | CVD morbidity and mortality | 183 |
| Ikehara, 2015 [25] | Japan | JACC study (1988–1990)a | Prospective study | 19.2 | 85,899 | 40–79 | 41.9 | Screen time | CVD mortality | 5835 |
| Keadle, 2015 [7] | US | NIH-AARP Health Study (1995–1996)a | Prospective study | 14.1 | 221,426 | 50–71 | 57 | Screen time | CVD mortality | 7340 |
aBaseline years of the data collection
Abbreviations: CVD Cardiovascular Diseases, KNHANES the Korean National Health And Nutrition Evaluation Study, UK the United Kingdom, US the United States, China-PAR the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project, OPACH the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Survey, NA Non-available, JHS The Jackson Heart Survey, CPS-II Cancer Prevention Study II, ABC study the Sweden Attitude Behavior and Change study, ANNPAS Australia Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, AusDiab Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, REGARDS The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke, DEWCS Danish Work Environment Cohort Study, JACC The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk, NIH-AARP The National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study