TABLE 3.
Parameter estimates and their 95% confidence intervals for the model including a quadratic relationship between titmouse abundance (measured in biomass) and forest bird density in France 2001–2013; parameter estimates and their 95% confidence limits (Lower/Upper 95% CI) for the effects of titmouse abundance (γ 1; see Table 1), quadratic term of titmouse abundance (γ 2), environmental PC (γ 3), standard deviation of spatial variation (σω ), and spatio‐temporal variation (σε )
| Parameter | Estimate | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titmouse abundance (γ 1) | 0.198 | 0.173 | 0.222 |
| [Titmouse abundance]2 (γ 2) | −0.030 | −0.045 | −0.014 |
| Environmental PC (γ 3) | −0.019 | −0.047 | 0.008 |
| Standard deviation of spatial variation (σω ) | 0.641 | 0.579 | 0.703 |
| Standard deviation of spatio‐temporal variation (σε ) | 0.295 | 0.269 | 0.320 |
Parameter estimates are in log‐scale and parameters that are different from zero at 95% confidence level are highlighted in bold. Variance components are not highlighted because they are inevitably non‐negative.