Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with type 1 versus type 2 myocardial infarction during hospitalization for non-cardiac surgery.
| No Perioperative Myocardial Infarction (n=4716407) | Type 1 Myocardial Infarction (n=22495) | Type 2 Myocardial Infarction (n=16285) | p-value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years; mean (SEM) | 66.41 (0.045) | 71.71 (0.18) | 72.39 (0.22) | 0.013 |
| Female Sex (%) | 2541123 (53.9%) | 9720 (43.2%) | 7865 (48.3%) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.045 | |||
| White | 3525658 (74.8%) | 16195 (72%) | 11985 (73.6%) | |
| Black | 462215 (9.8%) | 2335 (10.4%) | 1880 (11.5%) | |
| Hispanic | 379399 (8%) | 1935 (8.6%) | 1095 (6.7%) | |
| Asian | 92585 (2%) | 645 (2.9%) | 395 (2.4%) | |
| Other | 137600 (2.9%) | 750 (3.3%) | 500 (3.1%) | |
| Missing | 118950 (2.5%) | 635 (2.8%) | 430 (2.6%) | |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors & Disease | ||||
| Tobacco Use | 598035 (12.7%) | 3195 (14.2%) | 1955 (12%) | 0.004 |
| Hypertension | 3046709 (64.6%) | 16815 (74.7%) | 11740 (72.1%) | 0.011 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1990664 (42.2%) | 11560 (51.4%) | 7080 (43.5%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (any) | 1275385 (27%) | 10080 (44.8%) | 6700 (41.1%) | 0.001 |
| without chronic complications | 572290 (12.1%) | 2085 (9.3%) | 1175 (7.2%) | 0.001 |
| with chronic complications | 703095 (14.9%) | 7995 (35.5%) | 55?5 (33.9%) | 0.130 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 638185 (13.5%) | 8745 (38.9%) | 6455 (39.6%) | 0.500 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 829495 (17.6%) | 14310 (63.6%) | 7225 (44.4%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 377675 (8%) | 9565 (42.5%) | 6965 (42.8%) | 0.824 |
| Valvular heart disease | 203400 (4.3%) | 3005 (13.4%) | 2195 (13.5%) | 0.877 |
| Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter | 541730 (11.5%) | 6945 (30.9%) | 5605 (34.4%) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary circulatory disease | 26235 (0.6%) | 750 (3.3%) | 545 (3.3%) | 0.976 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 309185 (6.6%) | 4590 (20.4%) | 2745 (16.9%) | <0.001 |
| Other Comorbidities | ||||
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 6695 (0.1%) | 35 (0.2%) | 60 (0.4%) | 0.068 |
| Alcohol abuse | 128225 (2.7%) | 985 (4.4%) | 735 (4.5%) | 0.774 |
| Anemia (any) | 694695 (14.7%) | 7055 (31.4%) | 4710 (28.9%) | 0.032 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 878570 (18.6%) | 5700 (25.3%) | 4120 (25.3%) | 0.970 |
| Coagulopathy | 194120 (4.1%) | 3125 (13.9%) | 3010 (18.5%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 194060 (4.1%) | 2040 (9.1%) | 1630 (10%) | 0.182 |
| Depression | 638955 (13.5%) | 2400 (10.7%) | 1945 (11.9%) | 0.085 |
| Drug abuse | 81030 (1.7%) | 560 (2.5%) | 390 (2.4%) | 0.793 |
| Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders | 892560 (18.9%) | 12800 (56.9%) | 10440 (64.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 705995 (15%) | 3195 (14.2%) | 2310 (14.2%) | 0.982 |
| Liver Disease | 182665 (3.9%) | 940 (4.2%) | 970 (6%) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy (any) | 248310 (5.3%) | 1635 (7.3%) | 1360 (8.4%) | 0.060 |
| Obesity | 972575 (20.6%) | ?j35 (17%) | 2630 (16.1%) | 0.299 |
| Other neurological disorders | 327640 (6.9%) | 2660 (11.8%) | 2035 (12.5%) | 0.373 |
| Paralysis | 136180 2.9%) | 1750 (7.8%) | 1325 (8.1%) | 0.580 |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | 34115 (0.7%) | 615 (2.7%) | 485 (3%) | 0.514 |
| Psychoses | 118795 (2.5%) | 545 (2.4%) | 455 (2.8%) | 0.303 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis / Collagen vascular disease | 187145 (4%) | 700 (3.1%) | 600 (3.7%) | 0.194 |
| Weight loss | 247730 (5.3%) | 3805 (16.9%) | 3340 (20.5%) | <0.001 |
| Primary Insurance Payer | 0.005 | |||
| Medicare | 2677509 (56.8%) | 16295 (72.6%) | 12340 (75.9%) | |
| Medicaid | 356180 (7.6%) | 1745 (7.8%) | 1140 (7%) | |
| Private Insurance | 1423119 (30.2%) | 3395 (15.1%) | 2130 (13.1%) | |
| Self-Pay | 94085 (2%) | 545 (2.4%) | 265 (1.6%) | |
| Other / Unknown | 165515 (3.5%) | 515 (2.3%) | 410 (2.5%) | |
| Hospital Size | 0.033 | |||
| Small | 1025961 (21.8%) | 3600 (16%) | 2350 (14.4%) | |
| Medium | 1310325 (27.8%) | 6570 (29.2%) | 4320 (26.5%) | |
| Large | 2380122 (50.5%) | 12325 (54.8%) | 9615 (59%) | |
| Hospital Location / Teaching Status | <0.001 | |||
| Rural | 315053 (6.7%) | 1650 (7.3%) | 915 (5.6%) | |
| Urban non-teaching | 959391 (20.3%) | 4100 (18.2%) | 2150 (13.2%) | |
| Urban teaching | 3441963 (73%) | 16745 (74.4%) | 13220 (81.2%) | |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 859688 (18.2%) | 3900 (17.3%) | 3950 (24.3%) | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 1083114 (23%) | 5155 (22.9%) | 4150 (25.5%) | |
| South | 1808627 (38.3%) | 9085 (40.4%) | 5140 (31.6%) | |
| West | 964979 (20.5%) | 4355 (19.4%) | 3045 (18.7%) |
*
P-value for the comparison of type 2 vs. type 1 MI.