Table 1.
The association between determinant factors and undiagnosed hypertension in the 2014-2015 Indonesia Family Life Survey1
| Variables | Undiagnosed hypertension | Diagnosed hypertension | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants (n = 5914) | 3322 (56.2) | 2592 (43.8) | |
| Age, mean±SD (y) | 57.06±12.05 | 57.90±21.87 | 0.06 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1616 (64.5) | 888 (35.5) | <0.01 |
| Female | 1706 (50.0) | 1704 (50.0) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Unmarried | 853 (54.9) | 702 (45.1) | 0.23 |
| Married | 2469 (56.6) | 1890 (43.4) | |
| Education level | |||
| Primary school or less | 2249 (57.4) | 1167 (42.6) | <0.05 |
| Secondary school | 846 (54.3) | 712 (45.7) | |
| Graduate and above | 277 (51.6) | 213 (48.4) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Unemployed | 1301 (49.6) | 1324 (50.4) | <0.01 |
| Employed | 2021 (61.4) | 1268 (38.6) | |
| Area of residence | |||
| Rural | 1490 (58.8) | 1043 (41.2) | <0.01 |
| Urban2 | 1832 (54.2) | 1549 (45.8) | |
| Family size (household members) | |||
| ≤4 | 2230 (58.0) | 1618 (42.0) | <0.01 |
| >4 | 1092 (52.9) | 974 (47.1) | |
| Monthly PCE (USD)3 | |||
| ≤60 | 1407 (59.5) | 959 (40.5) | <0.01 |
| >60 | 1915 (54.0) | 1633 (46.0) | |
| Health insurance status | |||
| Uninsured | 1660 (56.8) | 1262 (43.2) | 0.34 |
| Insured | 1662 (55.5) | 1330 (44.5) | |
| Awareness of accessible health care facility | |||
| No | 2972 (57.3) | 2218 (42.7) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 350 (48.3) | 374 (51.7) | |
| Functional disability status | |||
| No | 2446 (58.9) | 1709 (41.1) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 876 (49.8) | 83 (50.2) | |
| Experienced headaches in the morning | |||
| No | 2424 (62.7) | 1442 (37.3) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 898 (43.8) | 1150 (56.2) | |
| General health status | |||
| Healthy | 2456 (63.7) | 1999 (36.3) | <0.01 |
| Unhealthy | 866 (42.1) | 1193 (57.9) |
Values are presented as number (%).
SD, standard deviation; PCE, per-capita expenditures; USD, US dollar; IDR, Indonesian rupiah.
Obtained using 1-factor analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.
Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Indonesia’s definition (population density of 5000 persons per km2; 25% or less of the households work in the agricultural sector; and having 8 or more specific kinds of urban facilities, including primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, hospitals, maternity [mother-child] hospitals, primary health care centers, roads [to accommodate 3- and 4-wheeled motorized vehicles], telephones, post offices, markets, cinemas, banks, shopping centers, factories, and restaurants).
Total monthly household expenditures divided by the number of household members; USD at the 2014 exchange rate (USD 1=IDR 12 440).