TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| Variable | Cancer Group (n = 416) | Noncancer Group (n = 768) | p Value | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV risk factors | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age, yrs | 72.5 ± 9.8 | 72.3 ± 9.7 | 0.82 | 0.007 |
| Female | 137 (32.9) | 249 (32.4) | 0.64 | 0.028 |
| Hypertension | 323 (77.6) | 607 (79.0) | 0.70 | 0.023 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 116 (27.9) | 187 (24.3) | 0.20 | 0.078 |
| Body mass index, kg/cm2 | 29.2 ± 5.0 | 29.3 ± 5.5 | 0.94 | 0.007 |
| Dyslipidemia | 321 (77.2) | 595 (77.5) | 0.90 | 0.017 |
| Family history of CAD | 63 (15.1) | 122 (15.9) | 0.78 | 0.020 |
| Current smoker | 57 (13.7) | 103 (13.4) | 0.84 | 0.021 |
|
| ||||
| CV disease | ||||
|
| ||||
| Prior MI | 73 (17.5) | 161 (21.0) | 0.12 | 0.088 |
| Prior CABG | 69 (16.6) | 127 (16.5) | 0.87 | 0.016 |
| Prior PCI | 24 (5.8) | 45 (5.9) | 0.96 | 0.005 |
| Prior/current HF | 76 (18.3) | 130 (16.9) | 0.57 | 0.044 |
| Pre-PCI LVEF ≤40% | 46 (11.1) | 83 (10.8) | 0.95 | 0.019 |
|
| ||||
| Presentation | ||||
|
| ||||
| Acute coronary syndrome | 0.84 | |||
| Unstable angina | 201 (48.3) | 392 (51.0) | 0.017 | |
| STEMI | 84 (20.2) | 154 (20.1) | <0.001 | |
| NSTEMI | 110 (26.4) | 201 (26.2) | 0.008 | |
| Predominant symptom | 0.86 | |||
| Chest pain | 301 (89.9) | 563 (91.5) | 0.053 | |
| CHF | 6 (1.8) | 9 (1.5) | 0.031 | |
| Arrhythmia | 4 (1.2) | 13 (2.1) | 0.073 | |
| Asymptomatic | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0.027 | |
| Positive stress test | 11 (3.3) | 13 (2.1) | 0.056 | |
| Other/unknown | 12 (3.6) | 16 (2.6) | 0.045 | |
| CCS class 3+ | 236 (56.7) | 443 (57.7) | 0.88 | 0.019 |
| Cardiac arrest | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0.61 | 0.035 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 11 (2.6) | 24 (3.1) | 0.72 | 0.015 |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||
|
| ||||
| Peripheral artery disease | 47 (11.3) | 92 (12.0) | 0.73 | 0.019 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 43 (10.3) | 79 (10.3) | 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 13 (3.3) | 38 (5.0) | 0.18 | 0.100 |
| Chronic lung disease | 60 (14.4) | 103 (13.4) | 0.88 | 0.007 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 28 (6.7) | 46 (6.0) | 0.87 | 0.010 |
|
| ||||
| Procedural data | ||||
|
| ||||
| Femoral access | 379 (91.1) | 684 (89.1) | 0.34 | 0.055 |
| Radial | 37 (8.9) | 86 (11.2) | 0.28 | 0.063 |
| Mechanical support including IABP | 0.87 | |||
| Pre-PCI | 7 (1.7) | 12 (1.6) | 0.019 | |
| Post-PCI | 3 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | 0.028 | |
| Target vessel | ||||
| LM | 40 (9.6) | 68 (8.9) | 0.83 | 0.024 |
| LAD | 255 (61.3) | 473 (61.6) | 1.00 | 0.010 |
| RCA | 214 (51.4) | 415 (54.0) | 0.40 | 0.041 |
| LCX | 206 (49.5) | 355 (46.2) | 0.46 | 0.050 |
| RIM | 29 (7.0) | 47 (6.1) | 0.93 | <0.001 |
| SVG | 28 (6.7) | 50 (6.5) | 0.81 | 0.014 |
| Number of diseased vessels | 1.72 ± 0.93 | 1.69 ± 0.87 | 0.62 | 0.045 |
| Complex lesion | 181 (48.8) | 310 (44.3) | 0.24 | 0.074 |
| Thrombus | 113 (27.2) | 205 (26.7) | 0.74 | 0.022 |
| Bifurcation | 72 (18.7) | 131 (17.9) | 0.78 | 0.026 |
| Pre-PCI TIMI flow grade 3 | 294 (70.7) | 558 (72.7) | 0.57 | 0.037 |
| Post-PCI TIMI flow grade 3 | 382 (96.7) | 727 (96.9) | 0.76 | 0.012 |
| Stent type | 1.00 | <0.001 | ||
| DES | 290 (69.7) | 529 (68.9) | ||
| BMS | 126 (30.3) | 239 (31.1) | ||
| Paclitaxel-coated stent | 31 (7.5) | 47 (6.1) | 0.50 | 0.041 |
| Number of stents used | 1.53 ± 0.85 | 1.52 ± 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.012 |
| Number of BMS used | 0.45 ± 0.83 | 0.47 ± 0.83 | 0.98 | 0.007 |
| Number of DES used | 1.08 ± 0.99 | 1.05 ± 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.015 |
| Maximum device diameter | 3.26 ± 0.52 | 3.25 ± 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.016 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 7 (1.7) | 10 (1.3) | 0.61 | 0.019 |
| Unfractionated heparin | 387 (97.0) | 742 (96.9) | 1.00 | 0.007 |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors | 235 (56.5) | 432 (56.2) | 0.90 | 0.005 |
| Thrombolytics | 13 (3.1) | 16 (2.1) | 0.47 | 0.028 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.03 | 0.226 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.0 (11.4-14.1) | 13.4 (12.3-14.3) | <0.001 | 0.254 |
| WBC count, 109/l | 7.4 (6.3-9.2) | 7.9 (6.6-9.6) | 0.26 | 0.335 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range). The following imputed variables had the percentage missing: 2% for age, 2% for sex, 5% for dyslipidemia, 4% for hypertension, 3% for diabetes, 4% for smoking status, 3% for infarct locations, 1% thrombolytics, 3% for cardiogenic shock, 2% for unstable angina, 3% for body mass index, 4% for cerebrovascular disease, 4% for chronic lung disease, 5% for prior PCI, 3% for maximum device diameter, 3% for paclitaxel, 8% for prior or current HF, 23% for LVEF, 8% for pre-procedure creatinine, 8% for pre-procedure hemoglobin, 13% for WBC count, and 24% for SVG.
BMS = bare-metal stent; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD = coronary artery disease; CCS = Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CHF = •••; CV, cardiovascular; DES = drug-eluting stent; HF = heart failure; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; LAD = left anterior descending artery; LCX = left circumflex; LM = left main; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction; NSTEMI = non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA = right coronary artery; RIM = ramus intermedius; SMD = standardized mean difference; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SVG = saphenous vein graft; TIMI, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; WBC, white blood cell.