Table 3.

Associations of predicted family adversity and poverty trajectories and child outcomes at age 14 years in the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Odds ratio	Model*	Low poverty and adversity	Persistent alcohol use	Persistent domestic violence and abuse	Persistent poor mental health	Persistent poverty	Persistent poverty and poor mental health
Socioemotional behavioural problems (SDQ ≥17)	1	Ref.	1.45 (1.00-2.09)	3.84 (2.40-6.12)	3.26 (2.45-4.33)	3.05 (2.39-3.88)	8.45 (6.65-10.76)
	2	Ref.	1.59 (1.09-2.29)	3.56 (2.21-5.75)	2.94 (2.18-3.97)	2.42 (1.87-3.11)	6.41 (4.98-8.25)
Cognitive disability	1	Ref.	1.36 (0.81-2.28)	1.21 (0.69-2.11)	1.42 (0.97-2.06)	2.72 (2.06-3.60)	3.16 (2.35-4.23)
	2	Ref.	1.60 (0.95-2.70)	1.09 (0.60-2.70)	1.27 (0.87-1.87)	2.02 (1.50-2.71)	2.08 (1.53-2.84)
Alcohol experimentation	1	Ref.	1.40 (1.12-1.68)	1.35 (1.02-1.77)	1.04 (0.88-1.21)	0.74 (0.63-0.87)	0.84 (0.68-1.04)
	2	Ref.	1.34 (1.12-1.60)	1.45 (1.07-1.97)	1.09 (0.92-1.29)	0.99 (0.85-1.15)	1.04 (0.86-1.27)
Drug experimentation	1	Ref.	1.64 (1.12-2.39)	2.80 (1.50-5.22)	1.51 (1.03-2.21)	1.84 (1.32.2.53)	2.83 (2.00-3.99)
	2	Ref.	1.65 (1.13-2.41)	2.98 (1.62-5.47)	1.36 (0.89-2.05)	1.95 (1.32-2.89)	2.76 (1.82-4.18)
Obesity	1	Ref.	0.61 (0.39-0.98)	1.30 (0.75-2.21)	2.06 (1.52-2.78)	2.09 (1.65-2.65)	2.44 (1.84-3.24)
	2	Ref.	0.73 (0.46-1.17)	1.27 (0.75-2.17)	1.89 (1.39-2.56)	1.62 (1.26-2.08)	1.83 (1.34-2.51)

Note: SDQ – Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.

^⁎Model 1- crude model; Model 2 – adjusted for child's sex, maternal education and maternal ethnicity.