TABLE 2.
Characteristics according to the stress hyperglycemia states measured by the glucose‐to‐HbA1c ratio
| Variables | Q1 (N = 42,099 [0–0.90]) | Q2 (N = 42,094 [0.90–1.08]) | Q3 (N = 42,098 [1.08–1.32]) | Q4 (N = 42,090 [>1.32]) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 10.6 | 66.4 ± 10.6 | 65.7 ± 10.8 | 65.5 ± 10.8 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 17,708 (42.1) | 17,753 (42.2) | 18,152 (43.1) | 18,809 (44.7) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.29 ± 4.57 | 24.58 ± 4.77 | 24.58 ± 4.13 | 24.55 ± 5.23 | <0.0001 |
| Previous history | |||||
| Previous transient ischemic attack | 768 (1.8) | 682 (1.6) | 692 (1.6) | 729 (1.7) | 0.1894 |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 16,689 (39.6) | 16,320 (38.8) | 16,060 (38.1) | 16,596 (39.4) | 0.0003 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1177 (2.8) | 1161 (2.8) | 1004 (2.4) | 1094 (2.6) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 1064 (2.5) | 1030 (2.4) | 983 (2.3) | 989 (2.3) | 0.2269 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 146 (0.3) | 120 (0.3) | 100 (0.2) | 101 (0.2) | 0.0075 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Glasgow coma scale | 11.00 (1.00–15.00) | 15.00 (1.00–15.00) | 15.00 (12.00–15.00) | 15.00 (13.50–15.00) | 0.1752 |
| NIH Stroke Scale | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 4.00 (2.00–7.00) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 32,739 (77.8) | 3,3046 (78.5) | 32,510 (77.2) | 31,970 (76.0) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1983 (4.7) | 1993 (4.7) | 1877 (4.5) | 2135 (5.1) | 0.0001 |
| Smoking | 8039 (19.1) | 8221 (19.5) | 8439 (20.0) | 7948 (18.9) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol | 8096 (19.2) | 8861 (21.1) | 9304 (22.1) | 9108 (21.6) | <0.0001 |
| Previous drugs | |||||
| Antiplatelet | 12,941 (30.7) | 12,729 (30.2) | 12,011 (28.5) | 11,665 (27.7) | <0.0001 |
| Anticoagulation | 2223 (5.3) | 2131 (5.1) | 1898 (4.5) | 2172 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Lipid lowering | 6915 (16.4) | 6895 (16.4) | 6506 (15.5) | 6304 (15.0) | <0.0001 |
| Reperfusion therapy | 1954 (4.6) | 2193 (5.2) | 2258 (5.4) | 2786 (6.6) | <0.0001 |
| Biochemical indexes | |||||
| Low‐density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.73 ± 1.28 | 2.82 ± 1.26 | 2.87 ± 1.23 | 2.96 ± 1.39 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.86 (4.94–7.08) | 7.26 (6.25–8.70) | 8.90 (7.60–10.80) | 12.55 (10.04–15.50) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.90 (6.79–9.69) | 7.30 (6.30–8.70) | 7.50 (6.50–9.10) | 7.60 (6.20–9.20) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 97.84 ± 126.93 | 99.16 ± 92.42 | 100.16 ± 83.99 | 97.74 ± 80.83 | <0.0001 |
| Homocysteine (µmol/L) | 13.97 ± 6.71 | 13.97 ± 6.72 | 13.82 ± 6.72 | 13.54 ± 6.92 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 149.50 ± 21.97 | 150.42 ± 21.91 | 151.79 ± 22.27 | 152.77 ± 23.48 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.62 ± 12.84 | 85.83 ± 12.83 | 86.60 ± 13.03 | 87.14 ± 13.69 | <0.0001 |