Table 6.

Discriminative validity of the Italian HeartQoL in the total cohort and in patients with angina pectoris (AP), myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemic heart failure (IHF)

HeartQoL	Global scale	Physical subscale	Emotional subscale
Total cohort (N = 472)
Age
Young (N = 148)	2.08 [1.96–2.20]	2.1 [1.92–2.18]	2.17 [2.04–2.30]
Middle-age (N = 162)	2.01 [1.90–2.13]	1.95 [1.83–2.08]	2.16 [2.04–2.28]
Elderly (N = 151)	1.89 [1.78–2.01]	1.78 [1.65–1.91]	2.18 [2.06–2.30]
p value	ns	< .05; #	ns
Sex
Female (N = 120)	2.09 [2.01–2.17]	2.02 [1.94–2.11]	2.25 [2.17–2.32]
Male (N = 351)	1.71 [1.58–1.85]	1.63 [1.49–1.77]	1.92 [1.78–2.09]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
MacNew—global score
Top tertile (N = 154)	2.60 [2.54–2.63]	2.52 [2.45–2.60]	2.77 [2.73–2.81]
Bottom tertile (N = 157)	1.29 [1.20–1.39]	1.25 [1.14–1.36]	1.40 [1.29–1.52]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
HADS*
Anxious (N = 128)	1.40 [1.28–1.53]	1.43 [1.30–1.57]	1.33 [1.20–1.46]
Not anxious (N = 343)	2.21 [2.15–2.28]	2.11 [2.03–2.19]	2.47 [2.41–2.53]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Depressed (N = 131)	1.37 [1.25–1.49]	1.36 [1.22–1.49]	1.41 [1.27–1.54]
Not depressed (N = 337)	2.24 [2.18–2.31]	2.15 [2.07–2.23]	2.46 [2.41–2.52]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Stressed (N = 194)	1.48 [1.39–1.58]	1.46 [1.35–2.58]	1.53 [1.43–1.64]
Not stressed (N = 227)	2.35 [2.29–2.41]	2.25 [2.17–2.34]	2.60 [2.56–2.65]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
AP (N = 183)
Age
Young (N = 41)	1.95 [1.71–2.20]	1.93 [1.67–2.20]	2.02 [1.73–2.30]
Middle age (N = 64)	1.97 [1.79–2.15]	1.92 [1.72–2.12]	2.10 [1.92–2.29]
Elderly (N = 74)	1.90 [1.73–2.07]	1.79 [1.60–1.97]	2.17 [1.99–2.35]
p value	ns	ns	ns
Sex
Female (N = 52)	2.00 [1.88–2.13]	1.93 [1.79–2.07]	2.17 [2.04–2.31]
Male (N = 130)	1.74 [1.53–1.95]	1.68 [1.46–1.90]	1.90 [1.67–2.12]
p value	< .05	ns	< .05
MacNew—global
Top tertile (N = 70)	2.60 [2.50–2.69]	2.52 [2.39–2.65]	2.78 [2.70–2.85]
Bottom tertile (N = 51)	1.33 [1.17–1.49]	1.30 [1.12–1.48]	1.42 [1.23–1.61]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
HADS*
Anxious (N = 47)	1.32 [1.10–1.55]	1.38 [1.13–1.62]	1.20 [0.96–1.43]
Not anxious (N = 135)	2.14 [2.03–2.24]	2.03 [1.91–2.15]	2.41 [2.32–2.49]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Depressed (N = 55)	1.35 [1.16–1.53]	1.33 [1.13–1.53]	1.40 [1.18–1.61]
Not depressed (N = 125)	2.19 [2.08–2.30]	2.10 [1.98–2.23]	2.41 [2.31–2.51]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Stressed (N = 79)	1.45 [1.30–1.61]	1.44 [1.27–1.62]	1.48 [1.31–1.65]
Not stressed (N = 103)	2.29 [2.19–2.40]	2.18 [2.05–2.31]	2.57 [2.48–2.65]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
MI (N = 167)
Age
Young (N = 66)	2.31 [2.14–2.47]	2.29 [2.12–2.47]	2.34 [2.16–2.51]
Middle age (N = 59)	2.29 [2.14–2.44]	2.26 [2.10–2.42]	2.36 [2.18–2.53]
Elderly (N = 38)	2.13 [1.92–2.34]	2.06 [1.82–2.29]	2.31 [2.08–2.54]
p value	ns	ns	ns
Sex
Female (N = 36)	2.33 [2.23–2.43]	2.31 [2.21–2.42]	2.36 [2.24–2.48]
Male (N = 131)	2.00 [1.77–2.22]	1.91 [1.66–2.16]	2.22 [1.98–2.45]
p value	< .005	< .001	ns
MacNew—global
Top tertile (N = 77)	2.63 [2.56–2.70]	2.57 [2.47–2.67]	2.77 [2.71–2.84]
Bottom tertile (N = 34)	1.40 [1.22–1.58]	1.44 [1.23–1.64]	1.32 [1.08–1.55]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
HADS*
Anxious (N = 46)	1.71 [1.52–1.89]	1.76 [1.56–1.96]	1.57 [1.36–1.78]
Not anxious (N = 121)	2.47 [2.38–2.55]	2.40 [2.30–2.51]	2.62 [2.54–2.70]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Depressed (N = 37)	1.67 [1.44–1.90]	1.72 [1.47–1.96]	1.53 [1.25–1.81]
Not depressed (N = 130)	2.43 [2.34–2.51]	2.37 [2.27–2.47]	2.56 [2.48–2.64]
p value	< .001	< .05	< .001
Stressed (N = 58)	1.77 [1.60–1.93]	1.79 [1.61–1.98]	1.70 [1.50–1.90]
Not stressed (N = 109)	2.52 [2.44–2.60]	2.46 [2.36–2.56]	2.67 [2.60–2.73]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
IHF (N = 122)
Age
Young (N = 41)	1.85 [1.62–2.09]	1.77 [1.50–2.05]	2.04 [1.79–2.29]
Middle age (N = 39)	1.66 [1.40–1.92]	1.54 [1.25–1.82]	1.96 [1.68–2.25]
Elderly (N = 39)	1.66 [1.40–1.91]	1.49 [1.19–1.79]	2.08 [1.84–2.31]
p value	ns	ns	ns
Sex
Female (N = 32)	1.87 [1.71–2.03]	1.93 [1.79–2.07]	2.17 [2.04–2.31]
Male (N = 90)	1.35 [1.11–1.59]	1.68 [1.46–1.90]	1.90 [1.67–2.12]
p value	< .001	ns	< .05
MacNew—global
Top tertile (N = 43)	2.50 [2.32–2.69]	2.40 [2.13–2.66]	2.77 [2.68–2.86]
Bottom tertile (N = 26)	1.17 [1.01–1.33]	1.06 [0.87–1.26]	1.44 [1.24–1.63]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
HADS*
Anxious (N = 35)	1.12 [0.93–1.31]	1.38 [1.13–1.62]	1.20 [0.96–1.43]
Not anxious (N = 87)	1.98 [1.83–2.14]	2.03 [1.91–2.15]	2.41 [2.32–2.49]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Depressed (N = 39)	1.13 [0.93–1.33]	1.33 [1.13–1.53]	1.40 [1.18–1.61]
Not depressed (N = 81)	2.03 [1.88–2.18]	2.10 [1.98–2.23]	2.41 [2.31–2.51]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001
Stressed (N = 57)	1.24 [1.07–1.41]	1.44 [1.27–1.62]	1.48 [1.31–1.65]
Not stressed (N = 65)	2.17 [2.02–2.32]	2.18 [2.05–2.31]	2.57 [2.48–2.65]
p value	< .001	< .001	< .001

N Number of patients

Young, < 60 years; Middle-age, 60–70 years; Elderly, > 70 years

^#Middle-age versus elderly

Mean (95% confidence interval) comparisons with ANCOVAs (scores adjusted for age, sex, risk factors, and disease severity within diagnosis) and post hoc Bonferroni correction;

^*HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with cut-off score ≥ 8 for the anxiety/depression subscales and ≥ 12 for the general distress factor