TABLE 5.
The effect of other effective components of traditional Chinese medicine combined with carriers on OA cartilage repair.
| Research (author & year) | BDEs | Carrier | Gene expression | Cartilage repair effects | Research conclusion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibition | Promote | Imaging evaluations | Tissue sections | ||||
| Amorndoljai et al. (2015) | GINE | NLC | No mention | No mention | GINE nanoparticles alleviated joint pain, improved symptoms of KOA | ||
| He et al. (2021) | AG | MSNs-PAA | IL-1β, MMPs | Col.II, GAG, ACAN | AG@MSNs-PAA displayed minimal changes in cartilage compared to the other three ACLT groups by general observation | Matrix vertical fissures, thinner cartilage as well as minor surface destabilization were observed | AG@MSNs-PAA can effectively inhibit the development of OA |
| Kulsirirat et al. (2021a) | AG | PLGA-NPs | No mention | No mention | AG-NPs-PLGA can prolong the duration to improve the therapeutic efficacy | ||
| Xia et al. (2017) | COR | CM-HAMA | IL-1β, MMPs, ADAMTS5 | Col.II, LC3, ACAN | No mention | In comparison with IL1-β–treated cartilage, cartilage that was simultaneously treated with IL1-β and COR exhibited more Safranin-O–positive proteoglycan | COR improves cartilage matrix degradation by inducing autophagy |
| Zhang (2017) | TMP | PLGA-Ms | No mention | The cartilage damage was improved in the treatment group compared to the untreated OA model; the cartilage layer recovered integrity and chondrocytes arranged in normal | IA injection of TMP microspheres can effectively relieve inflammatory symptoms | ||
| Jin et al. (2020a) | CSL | MSNs-Cs | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMPs, NF-κB | A profoundly reduced knee swelling and improvement in synovial inflammation and cartilage integrity were demonstrated in the CSL@HMSNs-CS group by MRI | A dramatic improvement in pathological changes, such as smooth cartilage surface, undulating tide line, and cartilage thickness was observed in the CSL@HMSNs-CS group | HMSNs-Cs can improve the solubility and bioavailability of CSL | |
| Bairwa and Jachak, 2016 | KBA | PLAG-NPs | No mention | No mention | The bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of KBA in KBA-NPs were increased | ||
AG@MSNs-PAA, andrographolide-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles with pH-responsive PAA; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PLGA-NPs, PLGA nanoparticle–gelatin hydrogel; CM, chitosan microspheres; HAMA, HA methacrylate; PLGA-Ms, PLGA microspheres; MSNs-Cs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles-chitosan; PLAG-NPs, PLAG–polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles; HMSNS-Cs, Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with chitosan; CSL@HMSNs-CS, celastrol loaded HMSNS-Cs.