Table 1.
The children's and family's characteristics (n = 8,395)a.
| Characteristics | Significant motor impairment (≤5th centile of MABC-2) | At-risk motor impairment (6~16th centile of MABC-2) | Typical performance (>16th centile of MABC-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHILD CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| Children's age (n%) | |||
| 3 | 50 (10.6) | 118 (12.5) | 742 (10.6) |
| 4 | 141 (29.8) | 280 (29.6) | 2,138 (30.6) |
| 5 | 147 (31.1) | 339 (35.8) | 2,336 (33.5) |
| 6 | 135 (28.5) | 209 (22.1) | 1,760 (25.2) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 219 (46.3) | 442 (46.7) | 3,142 (45.0) |
| Female | 254 (53.7) | 504 (53.3) | 3,834 (55.0) |
| BMI (n%)*** | |||
| ≤ 18 | 421 (89.0) | 895 (94.6) | 6,436 (92.3) |
| >18 | 52 (11.0) | 51 (5.4) | 540 (7.7) |
| Right handedness (n%) | |||
| No | 23 (4.9) | 50 (5.3) | 282 (4.0) |
| Yes | 450 (95.1) | 896 (94.7) | 6,694 (96.0) |
| Eye-sightb | |||
| Normal | 454 (96.0) | 877 (92.7) | 6,538 (93.7) |
| Abnormal | 19 (4.0) | 69 (7.3) | 438 (6.3) |
| Gestational weeks (n%) | |||
| <37 | 23 (4.9) | 64 (6.8) | 521 (7.5) |
| ≥37 | 450 (95.1) | 882 (93.2) | 6,455 (92.5) |
| Birth weight (n%) | |||
| <2,500 g | 22 (4.7) | 35 (3.7) | 340 (4.9) |
| ≥2,500 g | 451 (95.3) | 911 (96.3) | 6,636 (95.1) |
| FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| Mother has a higher education (n%) ** | |||
| No | 198 (41.9) | 412 (43.6) | 3,323 (47.6) |
| Yes | 275 (58.1) | 534 (56.4) | 3,653 (52.4) |
| Father has a higher education (n%) ** | |||
| No | 163 (34.5) | 334 (35.3) | 2,789 (40.0) |
| Yes | 310 (65.5) | 612 (64.7) | 4,187 (60.0) |
| Family annual per-capita income (RMB) (n%) c*** | |||
| Below | 303 (64.1) | 657 (69.5) | 5,316 (76.2) |
| Above or equal to | 170 (35.9) | 289 (30.5) | 1,660 (23.8) |
| Family structure (n%) | |||
| Single families | 6 (1.3) | 19 (2.0) | 102 (1.5) |
| Nuclear families | 291 (61.5) | 589 (62.3) | 4,530 (64.9) |
| Extended families | 176 (37.2) | 338 (35.7) | 2,344 (33.6) |
| The number of children in the family (n%) | |||
| One | 386 (81.6) | 761 (80.4) | 5,449 (78.1) |
| Two or more | 87 (18.4) | 185 (19.6) | 1,527 (21.9) |
| Maternal age at delivery (n%) | |||
| <30 | 396 (83.7) | 803 (84.9) | 5,898 (84.5) |
| 30-34 | 64 (13.5) | 114 (12.1) | 821 (11.8) |
| ≥35 | 13 (2.7) | 29 (3.1) | 257 (3.7) |
| Maternal complications during pregnancyd (n%)** | |||
| No | 367 (77.6) | 797 (84.2) | 5,650 (81.0) |
| Yes | 106 (22.4) | 149 (15.8) | 1,326 (19.0) |
a
Pearson chi-square test.
b
Eye-sight refer to the children's visual acuity, which is tested by reading a Snellen eye chart at a distance of 20 feet (A normal eye-sight menas when you stand 20 feet away from the chart you can see what a “normal” human being can see at 20 feet).
c
The national average family per-capita income of the year before the survey time.
d
Having one of the following maternal complications during pregnancy including vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, at risk of miscarriage, use of antibiotics, use of fertility drugs, intrauterine distress, fetal asphyxia.
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.