Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics among subjects in different CAP categories.
| Characteristics | Controlled attenuation parameter (dB/m) | p | p | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <238 (Group 1) | 238–259 (Group 2) | 260–291 (Group 3) | >291 (Group 4) | Group 1 vs. 2 | Group 2 vs. 3 | Group 3 vs. 4 | |
| n (%) | 390 (47.3%) | 140 (17.0%) | 136 (16.5%) | 158 (19.2%) | — | — | — |
| Age (years) | 49.6 ± 15.5 | 54.0 ± 14.7 | 58.2 ± 14.7 | 57.4 ± 14.0 | 0.018 | 0.115 | 1.000 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 74 (19.0%) | 43 (30.7%) | 38 (23.3%) | 46 (29.1%) | 0.004 | 0.613 | 0.824 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 2.7 | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 24.7 ± 2.8 | 25.7 ± 2.8 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.009 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.4 ± 7.9 | 82.5 ± 8.0 | 84.8 ± 7.5 | 88.6 ± 7.8 | 0.000 | 0.098 | 0.000 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.602 | 0.015 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 33.0 (31.5, 34.8) | 34.5 (33.0, 37.9) | 35.0 (33.4, 37.9) | 36.4 (34.5, 39.3) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.061 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 118 (110, 130) | 125 (112, 140) | 122 (113, 136) | 130 (120, 142) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.024 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 70 (65, 78) | 75 (68, 80) | 75 (70, 80) | 78 (70, 85) | 0.002 | 1.000 | 0.047 |
| Controlled attenuation parameter (dB/m) | 214 (195, 225) | 248 (244, 253) | 272 (266, 281) | 318 (302, 338) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Liver stiffness measurement (kPa) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.5) | 4.0 (3.5, 4.7) | 4.2 (3.5, 5.0) | 4.4 (3.9, 5.3) | 0.746 | 1.000 | 0.112 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.8, 5.8) | 5.4 (5.0, 5.9) | 5.8 (5.2, 6.8) | 0.136 | 0.191 | 0.021 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.00 (4.50, 5.70) | 5.10 (4.50, 6.10) | 5.30 (4.60, 6.10) | 5.45 (4.65, 6.10) | 0.319 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.29) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.75) | 1.48 (0.98, 1.92) | 1.69 (1.14, 2.52) | 0.000 | 0.471 | 0.026 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.30 ± 0.76 | 3.47 ± 0.87 | 3.45 ± 0.75 | 3.51 ± 0.88 | 0.355 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.37 | 1.41 ± 0.34 | 1.41 ± 0.33 | 1.27 ± 0.27 | 0.001 | 1.000 | 0.006 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 16 (12, 22) | 18 (13, 23) | 21 (16, 29) | 24 (18, 34) | 0.181 | 0.006 | 0.263 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 20 (18, 24) | 22 (18, 26) | 23 (20, 27) | 24 (20, 28) | 0.927 | 0.243 | 1.000 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 60 (54, 71) | 64 (56, 77) | 67 (58, 78) | 62 (54, 71) | 0.029 | 1.000 | 0.152 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 96.2 ± 21.5 | 91.4 ± 19.1 | 87.5 ± 19.3 | 94.0 ± 23.1 | 0.146 | 0.765 | 0.056 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 303 (261, 366) | 341 (296, 399) | 363 (308, 422) | 376 (321, 446) | 0.001 | 0.854 | 1.000 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 16.5 (10.7, 26.2) | 11.3 (7.7, 19.4) | 9.4 (5.8, 16.7) | 7.8 (4.7, 13.7) | 0.004 | 0.792 | 0.531 |
| Fasting serum insulin (μU/ml) | 4.45 (3.24, 6.21) | 6.09 (3.95, 7.24) | 6.89 (4.88, 8.88) | 8.47 (6.32, 11.1) | 0.008 | 0.082 | 0.021 |
| White blood cell count (×109/L) | 6.0 (5.1, 7.0) | 6.3 (5.6, 7.5) | 6.4 (5.5, 7.6) | 6.9 (6.0, 7.9) | 0.063 | 1.000 | 0.146 |
| TyG | 4.48 (4.32, 4.67) | 4.68 (4.43, 4.82) | 4.73 (4.52, 4.93) | 4.83 (4.65, 5.04) | 0.000 | 0.224 | 0.010 |
| METS-IR | 28.8 (25.8, 32.4) | 32.3 (29.3, 36.8) | 34.1 (30.1, 38.2) | 36.9 (32.9, 41.1) | 0.000 | 0.428 | 0.002 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.00 (0.69, 1.46) | 1.34 (0.89, 1.88) | 1.72 (1.13, 2.20) | 2.29 (1.56, 3.17) | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.009 |
CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC, whit blood cell; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; TyG, the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose; METS-IR, metabolic score for insulin resistance.