Validation of transgene expression. (A) Injected vector. (B) Transduced area (red) visualized with mRuby on the background of DAPI (blue) and GFAP immunofluorescence (green). The putative margin of the striatum is marked with a dotted line. (C) The mRuby+ area at the indicated mediolateral distance. (D–F) Immunostained sections for evaluation of viral expression patterns. Triple labeling with representative astrocytic (D), neuronal (E), or microglial (F) markers, together with an antibody against mRuby and nuclear counterstaining with DAPI. (G) Fraction of the astrocytic, neuronal or microglial phenotype among the mRuby+ population in the dorsal striatum. (H) Incidence of transduced cells within the S100β-, NeuN-, or Iba1-expressing cell populations. Numbers on columns: evaluated sections and animals (in brackets). bGHpA, bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol; dSTR, dorsal striatum; GFAP, glial fibrillar acidic protein; gfapABC1D, modified promoter sequence of GFAP; Iba1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; ITR, inverted terminal repeat; mRuby, monometric Ruby; NeuN, neuron-specific protein, equivalent to Fox-3, S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein B; WPRE, woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein.