Table 1.
Summary of the main experimental studies investigating Lycium plant pro-activities on livestock animals.
| Pro-activity on | Species | Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive performance | Rabbit | In vivo | (43–45) |
| Swine | In vitro | (46) | |
| In vivo | (47) | ||
| Goat | In vitro | (48) | |
| Productive performance | Rabbit | In vivo | (45, 49, 50) |
| Chicken | In vivo | (25, 40, 51) | |
| Swine | In vivo | (24) | |
| Sheep | In vivo | (52) | |
| Fish | In vivo | (42, 53) | |
| Immune system | Rabbit | In vivo | (50, 54) |
| Chicken | In vivo | (42, 53) | |
| Swine | In vivo | (24) | |
| Sheep | In vivo | (52) | |
| Fish | In vivo | (42, 53) | |
| Metabolic homeostasis | Rabbit | In vivo | (44, 55) |
| Swine | In vivo | (39) | |
| Meat quality | Rabbit | In vivo | (50, 56, 57) |
| Swine | In vivo | (39) | |
| Sheep | –a | (58, 59) | |
| Cow | –a | (60) | |
| Camel | –a | (61) | |
| Horse | –a | (62) | |
| Fish | –a | (63, 64) |
Many studies used Goji berry or its derivative products, while just a few involved Goji leaves or bark root.
a
These studies performed microbiological and/or quality meat assays.