Table 2.
Deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs (in counts and all-age rates) associated with and attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance, globally and by GBD super-region, 2019
|
Associated with resistance |
Attributable to resistance |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | YLLs | DALYs | YLDs | Deaths | YLLs | DALYs | YLDs | |
| Counts, thousands | ||||||||
| Global | 4950 (3620–6570) | 189 000 (145 000–245 000) | 192 000 (146 000–248 000) | 2290 (1520–3450) | 1270 (911–1710) | 47 600 (35 000–63 400) | 47 900 (35 300–63 700) | 275 (161–439) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 283 (190–403) | 7530 (5240–10 500) | 7630 (5320–10 600) | 102 (69–140) | 73·7 (48·7–105) | 1980 (1350–2790) | 1990 (1360–2800) | 9·95 (4·79–16·8) |
| High income | 604 (434–824) | 10 100 (6960–14 200) | 10 300 (7040–14 400) | 123 (79·7–183) | 141 (98·6–197) | 2390 (1620–3400) | 2410 (1640–3420) | 20·2 (12·7–31·2) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 338 (243–453) | 9550 (6770–12 900) | 9640 (6830–13 100) | 97·2 (63·2–146) | 84·3 (60·3–117) | 2370 (1660–3310) | 2380 (1680–3330) | 16 (9·79–24·9) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 256 (174–362) | 9970 (6880–13 900) | 10 100 (6970–14 000) | 116 (73·4–176) | 68·3 (45·6–99) | 2590 (1770–3700) | 2610 (1790–3720) | 20·7 (12–33·5) |
| South Asia | 1390 (1030–1830) | 58 900 (44 800–76 300) | 59 900 (45 700–77 500) | 1000 (638–1550) | 389 (273–538) | 16 000 (11 500–21 600) | 16 100 (11 600–21 700) | 111 (58·5–188) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 1020 (678–1460) | 27 500 (18 700–38 600) | 27 900 (19 100–39 100) | 437 (256–776) | 254 (167–369) | 6830 (4620–9840) | 6870 (4670–9890) | 45·6 (25–80·1) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 1070 (847–1340) | 65 800 (51 400–83 600) | 66 200 (51 800–84 000) | 416 (270–599) | 255 (196–331) | 15 400 (11 700–19 900) | 15 500 (11 800–20 000) | 51·1 (30·2–81·8) |
| Rates, per 100 000 | ||||||||
| Global | 64·0 (46·8–84·9) | 2448·1 (1868·9–3170·3) | 2477·7 (1889·9–3199·1) | 29·6 (19·7–44·5) | 16·4 (11·8–22·0) | 615·1 (452·4–819·1) | 618·7 (455·7–823·2) | 3·6 (2·1–5·7) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 67·7 (45·4–96·6) | 1802·5 (1253·9–2515·1) | 1826·9 (1274·5–2545·4) | 24·4 (16·5–33·6) | 17·6 (11·7–25·3) | 474·3 (323·0–667·3) | 476·7 (325·2–671·0) | 2·4 (1·1–4·0) |
| High income | 55·7 (40·1–76·0) | 935·3 (641·9–1310·1) | 946·7 (649·8–1327·2) | 11·3 (7·3–16·9) | 13·0 (9·1–18·2) | 220·4 (149·9–314·0) | 222·3 (151·5–315·9) | 1·9 (1·2–2·9) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 57·9 (41·6–77·6) | 1633·8 (1158·7–2215·9) | 1650·5 (1169·0–2236·6) | 16·6 (10·8–25·0) | 14·4 (10·3–20·0) | 405·3 (284·8–566·6) | 408·1 (286·9–570·0) | 2·7 (1·7–4·3) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 42·0 (28·7–59·5) | 1637·5 (1130·4–2283·2) | 1656·6 (1145·2–2300·9) | 19·1 (12·1–28·9) | 11·2 (7·5–16·3) | 425·6 (291·2–608·4) | 429·0 (293·7–611·5) | 3·4 (2·0–5·5) |
| South Asia | 76·8 (57·2–101·2) | 3262·6 (2482·4–4228·2) | 3318·1 (2532·9–4291·7) | 55·4 (35·4–86·0) | 21·5 (15·1–29·8) | 885·8 (636·3–1194·6) | 892·0 (643·1–1200·2) | 6·2 (3·2–10·4) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 47·1 (31·4–67·7) | 1272·6 (866·8–1789·0) | 1292·8 (884·7–1811·4) | 20·2 (11·8–35·9) | 11·7 (7·8–17·1) | 316·1 (213·9–455·7) | 318·2 (216·1–458·0) | 2·1 (1·2–3·7) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 98·9 (78·6–124·2) | 6105·3 (4770·2–7749·1) | 6143·9 (4802·8–7792·2) | 38·6 (25·1–55·6) | 23·7 (18·2–30·7) | 1432·0 (1084·6–1848·1) | 1436·7 (1090·0–1853·5) | 4·7 (2·8–7·6) |
DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. YLDs=years lived with disability. YLLs=years of life lost.