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. 2022 Jan 31;12:747482. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.747482

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Zhou, Liu, Chen, Zhang, Liu, Min, Wang, Wang and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytokine and Granzyme B Upregulation by Lirilumab and Avelumab Co-Engagement is Vav1-Dependent. (A-F) Transfected IL-2-primed NK cells were mixed with autologous target cells and stimulated with aKIR and/or aPD-L1 for 3 h. Relative mRNA levels of (A) IFN-γ, (B) TNF-α, (C) granzyme B, (D) MIP-1α, (E) MIP-1β, and (F) IκBα were determined by real-time PCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA expression. (G-I) Transfected IL-2-primed NK cells were mixed with autologous target cells and stimulated as in (A-F) for (G, H) 8 h or (I) 2 h. (G) IFN-γ, (H) MIP-1α, and (I) Granzyme B were measured by ELISA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 [two-way ANOVA (mAb factor × transfection factor)]. n=3 biological replicates×3 technical replicates.