Figure 6.

Effects of ATRA and BAY11-7082 on inflammatory response in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. The cells were pretreated or untreated (exposed to the equal amount of DMSO) with a NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082, 10 μM) for 2 h followed by mock-infection or infection with TGEV (1 MOI) for 1 h, and then incubation with BAY11-7082 or 80 μM ATRA for 36 h. (A, B) The phosphorylation level of NF-κB was analyzed by western blot. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3). ***P < 0.001. (C–G) the mRNA abundance of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and IL-10 were analyzed by real‐time PCR. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 4). ***P < 0.001. (H) The concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and IL-10 in IPEC-J2 cells culture medium were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.