Table 2.
Linkers and helper peptides used in peptide-based vaccine construction.
| Reference | Helper peptides | Sequence of helper peptides | Linker for helper peptides | Linkers for epitopes | Diseases or pathogen | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTL | HTL | B cell | |||||
| (144) | TLR2 agonist ESAT6 | MTEQQWNFAGIEAAASAIQGNVTSIHSLLDEGKQSLTKLAAAWGGSGSEAYQGVQQKWDATATELNNALQNLARTISEAGQAMASTEGNVTGMFA | EAAAK | AAY | – | – | TB |
| (145) | TLR2 agonist PSMα4 | MAIVGTIIKIIKAIIDIFAK | EAAAK | Alternately linked by GPGPG and AAY | – | – | TB |
| (115, 146) | TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys | FNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLE | NA | NA | NA | NA | TB |
| (147) | TLR2 agonist PorB | IALTLAALPVAAMADVTLYGTIKAGVETSRSVAHNGAQAASVETGTGIVDLGSKIGFKGQEDLGNGLKAIWQVEQ KASIAGTDSGWGNRQSFIGLKGGFGK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| (148) | TLR2 agonist PorB and helper epitope PADRE | PorB (IALTLAALPVAAMADVTLYGTIKAGVETSRSVAHNGAQAASVETGTGIVDLGSKIGFKGQEDLGNGLKAIWQVEQ KASIAGTDSGWGNRQSFIGLKGGFGK), and PADRE (AGLFQRHGEGTKATVGEPV) | EAAAK | GPGPG | AAY | – | Neisseria meningitidis |
| (149) | TLR4 agonist RpfE (Rv2450c) | LKNARTTLIAAAIAGTLVTTSPAGIANADDAGLDPNAAAGPDAVGFDPNLPPAPDAAPVDTPPAPEDAGFDPNLPPPLAPDFLSPPAEEAPPVPVAYSVNWDAIAQCESGGNWSINTGNGYYGGLRFTAGTWRANGGSGSAANASREEQIRVAENVLRSQGIRAWPVCGRRG | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | TB |
| (150) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | TB |
| (151) | TLR4 agonist RplL and PADRE | RplL (MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK), PADRE (AGLFQRHGEGTKATVGEPV) | EAAAK | GPGPG | HEYGAEALERAG | – | Schistosoma mansoni |
| (152) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | Staphylococcus aureus |
| (153) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | Helicobacter pylori |
| (154) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | Leishmania parasite |
| (155) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | Onchocerca volvulus |
| (22) | TLR4 agonist RplL | MAKLSTDELLDAFKEMTLLELSDFVKKFEETFEVTAAAPVAVAAAGAAPAGAAVEAAEEQSEFDVILEAAGDKKIGVIKVVREIVSGLGLKEAKDLVDGAPKPLLEKVAKEAADEAKAKLEAAGATVTVK | EAAAK | GPGPG | AAY | – | Schistosoma mansoni |
| (156) | TLR4 agonist HBHA and helper epitope PADRE | HBHA (MAENSNIDDIKAPLLAALGAADLALATVNELITNLRERAEETRTDTRSRVEESRARLTKLQEDLPEQLTELREKFTAEELRKAAEGYLEAATSRYNELVERGEAALERLRSQQSFEEVSARAEGYVDQAVELTQEALGTVASQTRAVGERAAKLVGIEL), PADRE (AGLFQRHGEGTKATVGEPV) | EAAAK | GPGPG | GPGPG | – | Melanoma |
| (157) | TLR4 agonist CTB | MTPQNITDLCAEYHNTQIYTLNDKIFSYTESLAGKREMAIITFKNGAIFQVEVPGSQHIDQKKAIERMKDTLRIAYLTEAKVEKLCVWNNKTPHAIAAISMAN | EAAAK | GPGPG | Brucellosis | ||
| (158) | TLR4 agonist CTB | MTPQNITDLCAEYHNTQIYTLNDKIFSYTESLAGKREMAIITFKNGAIFQVEVPGSQHIDSQKKAIERMKDTLRIAYLTEAKVEKLCVWNNKTPHAIAAISMAN | EAAAK | – | GPGPG | – | Vibrio cholerae |
| (159) | TLR4 agonist CTB | MTPQNITDLCAEYHNTQIHTLNDKIFSYTESLAGKREMAIITFKNGATFQVEVPGSQHIDSQKKAIERMKDTLRIAYLTEAKVEKLCVWNNKTPHAIAAISMAN | GPGPG | GPGPG | GPGPG | KK | Helicobacter pylori |
| (160) | TLR-4 agonist RS-09 | APPHALS | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | TB |
| (161) | Hsp70, TR-433, and TLR-4 agonist RS-09 | Hsp70 (NTTIPTKRSETFTTADDNQPSVQIQVYQGEREIAAHNKFDIDANGIVHVTAKKDKGTGKENTAHAEEDRKRREEADVRNQAKFVKEQREAEGGSKV), TR-433 (NLKQMSEFSVFLSLRNLIYL), and RS-09 (APPHALS) | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | SARS-CoV-2 |
| (162) | HBD-1 | MRTSYLLLFTLCLLLSEMASGGNFLTGLGHRSDHYNCVSSGGQCLYSACPIFTKIQGTCYRGKAKCCK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | SARS-CoV-2 |
| (163) | HBD-2 | MRVLYLLFSFLFIFLMPLPGVFGGIGDPVTCLKSGAICHPVFCPRRYKQIGTCGLPGTKCCKKP | EAAAK | GPGPG | – | – | HIV |
| (164) | HBD-3 | GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | Zika virus |
| (165) | HBD-3 | GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK | EAAAK | AAY | GGGS | KK | Chandipura virus |
| (166) | HBD-3 | GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | – | SARS-CoV-2 |
| (167) | HBD-3 | GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK | EAAAK | GGGS | – | – | SARS-CoV-2 |
| (19) | HBD-3 | GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | KK | SARS-CoV-2 |
| (84) | Griselimycin | VPSLPLVPLG | EAAAK | AAY | GPGPG | GPGPG | TB |
CTB, Cholera toxin subunit B; HBHA, Heparin Binding Hemagglutinin; HDB, human β-defensin; PADRE, Pan human leukocyte antigen-DR reactive epitope; PSMα4, Phenol-soluble modulin α4; RplL, 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12; TLR: Toll-like receptor.