Table 4.
Protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems.
| Delivery systems | Antigens | Targeted pathogens | Adjuvant | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-assembled proteinaceous nanoparticles | ||||
| VLP | ||||
| HBsAg | Capsular polysaccharide 33F | S. pneumoniae | — | (278) |
| PRP polysaccharide | H. influenzae type b | — | (279) | |
| Vi polysaccharide | S. typhi | — | (279) | |
| Qβ | TS3 and TS14 (capsular polysaccharides repeated units) | S. pneumoniae | — | (280) |
| AP205 | O-polysaccharide | Shigella | — | (281) |
| Flock house virus | PA | B. anthracis | — | (282) |
| T4 Bacteriophage | PA | B. anthracis | — | (283) |
| Mutated capsular antigen F1 and low-calcium-response V antigen | Y. pestis | — | (282) | |
| Designable self-assembled nanoparticle | ||||
| O-polysaccharide | Shigella | — | (284) | |
| O-polysaccharide | S. Paratyphi A | — | (284) | |
| O-polysaccharide | K. pneumoniae | — | (285) | |
| Live viral vector | ||||
| PAD4; PA | B. anthracis | — | (286–288) | |
| Cu-Zn SOD; IF3; L7/L12; Omp16; Omp19 | Brucella | — | (289–292) | |
| D2 domain of FnbpB | S. aureus | — | (293) | |
| Bacterial vectors | ||||
| Probiotics | PsaA; PspA; PspA5; PppA; PspC | S. pneumoniae | — | (294–300) |
| Fusion of ST and LTB; F41; K99 fimbriae; β-Intimin fragment; Fusion of K99, K88 fimbriae; FaeG; FaeG with DC-targeting peptide; EspA and the Tir central domain; PapG | E. coli | Without, or LTB mutated LTA and LTB | (301–311) | |
| CTB | V. cholerae | — | (312) | |
| FliC or fusion of FilC and SipC | S. enterica serovar Enteritidis | — | (313, 314) | |
| PA; PA with DC-targeting peptide | B. anthracis | — | (315–319) | |
| L7/L12, Cu-Zn SOD, Omp31 | Brucella | — | (320–322) | |
| ClfA and FnbpA; B-cell epitope, D3(22–33), from FnbpA | S. aureus | Without or Freund’s adjuvant | (323, 324) | |
| Hp0410; Urease B subunit | H. pylori | — | (325, 326) | |
| LcrV | Y. pestis | — | (327) | |
| GEM | PppA; IgA1p; PpmA; SlrA | S. pneumoniae | — | (299, 328) |
| PTd, FHA, and PRN | B. pertussis | — | (329) | |
| CUE | H. pylori | — | (330, 331) | |
| Omp31 | Brucella | — | (322) | |
| S. enterica | PA, PAD1 and 4, and PAD4 | B. anthracis | — | (332) |
| Attenuated S. typhimurium | L7/L12; Fusion of L7/L12 and BLS | Brucella | — | (333, 334) |
| SaEsxA and SaEsxB | S. aureus | — | (335) | |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | Cu-Zn SOD | Brucella | CpG | (336) |
| OMV | ||||
| OMV components | K. pneumoniae | — | (337) | |
| OMV components | B. pertussis | — | (338–340) | |
| OMV components | E. coli | — | (341) | |
| OMV components | Shigella | Without or Alhydrogel | (342–345) | |
| OMV components | V. cholerae | — | (346, 347) | |
| OMV components | S. typhimurium | — | (348) | |
| OMV components | S. typhi and paratyphi A | — | (349) | |
| HlaH35L, LukE and extracellular vesicle (EV) components | S. aureus | — | (350, 351) | |
| OMV components | H. pylori | — | (352) | |
| OMV components | Y. pestis | — | (353) | |
| Modified OMV | ||||
| Deposited onto bovine serum albumin nanoparticles | OMV components | K. pneumoniae | — | (354) |
| Lipid A-meditation | OMV components | B. pertussis | — | (355) |
| OMVs+Chitosan+Eudragit L-100 | OMV components | E. coli | — | (356) |
| Encapsulated in polyanhydride nanoparticles | OMV components | Shigella | — | (357, 358) |
| Encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate particles and Eudragit L-100 | OMV components | Shigella | — | (359) |
| Encapsulated in indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
EVs components | S. aureus | — | (360) |
| E. coli OMV | Glycan antigens (Polysialic acid (PSA) and T antigen) | Neisseria meningitidis group B | — | (361) |
| HlaH35L, SpAKKAA, FhuD2, Csa1A, and LukE; SAcoagulase | S. aureus | — | (362, 363) | |