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. 2022 Jan 31;12:812544. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812544

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Copyright © 2022 Schäfer, Görner, Woltemate, Brandenberger, Geffers, Ziesing, Schlüter and Vital.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Results of basic growth parameters of strains of the two groups determined during steady-state growth in continuous culture are shown. The upper row (panels A–D) displays results during growth without carbapenem (w/o). (A) biomass (OD measurements), (B) cell concentrations [based on flow cytometric measurements (FCM)], (C) relative cell size (based on FCM sideward scatter signals; values of EC21 and EC33 are very similar and undistinguishable on the plot), (D) relative DNA content (based on FCM green fluorescence signals). The lower row (panels E–H) displays results during growth with sublethal concentrations of carbapenem (0.5 mg L^–1 ertapenem; erta) relative to growth without the antibiotic. Results of statistical testing (Student’s t-test) between groups are indicated. Transmission electron microscopy pictures of representative strains of each group during growth in both conditions (+/− ertapenem) are shown on the right. The scale bar represents 2 μm.